Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0016 Downton Camp, Herefordshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE821 (1642)

NMR:  SO 47 SW 8 (108830)

SM:  19177

NGR:  SO 4288 7310

X:  342880  Y:  273100  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate, cliff-edge, inland promontory fort located on wooded NE facing slope at the edge of S-facing limestone cliffs above the River Teme. It extends 64m N to S and E to W, and of irregular shape and area estimated at c. 4ha. Protected by scarp and natural precipitous rock face on the S, the remainder protected by a rampart and outer ditch, the latter as a possible berm on the NE, before disappearing with the rampart 25m from the cliff edge on the SE. An old trackway running along the berm reaches a ford on the river, and this could account for the hillfort's position vis-a-vis the river. Woodland site relatively stable, but scrub and wind-throw problems remain. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -316157  Y:  6864196  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.840087799064052  Latitude:  52.35294451683034  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Downton

Monument Condition

Site relatively stable, but scrub and wind-throw problems remain.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Scrub, conifer and broadleaved woodland.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate, cliff-edge, inland promontory fort. Located on wooded NE-facing slope at the edge of S-facing limestone cliffs above the River Teme.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Cliff edge

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  137.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1888). Field investigations in 1972 (no reference available) and Herefordshire Council survey in 2012.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1888):   OS map
Other (1972):   Field investigations
Other (2012):   Herefordshire Council survey

Interior Features

None

Water Source

River Teme runs directly below the site.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Entrance, simple gap at the N, not mutillated as suggested in the HER, but has a causeway across the ditch.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   No modern gaps in evidence.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North):   Entrance not mutillated as suggested, but a causeway across the ditch.

Enclosing Works

Protected by scarp and natural precipitous rock face on the S, the remainder protected by a rampart and outer ditch, the latter as a possible berm on the NE, before disappearing with the rampart 25m from the cliff edge on the SE.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.4ha.
Total:   0.4ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Irregular defences to site with major use of natural rock. Area estimated.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Nature of defences are variable around circuit.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Ditch up to c. 10m wide and 1m-2m deep.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012: Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

RCHME 1934. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire, 3 (NW), London: HMSO.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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