Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0035 Wall Hills, Thornbury, Herefordshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE416 (913)

NMR:  SO 65 NW 10 (112487)

SM:  1001748

NGR:  SO629597

X:  362997  Y:  259784  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large contour hillfort located on moderate slopes overlooking the Kyre Brook to the N and W and the headwaters of the River Frome to the S and W on the interfluve between the Rivers Wye and Severn catchments. Irregular oval in shape, with internal area 9ha. Single, massive, rampart and scarping gives height and rises to 12.5m above the ditch to the E, which also has a low counterscarp bank of up to 1.2m. An outer ditch remains on the N and E sides. Internal quarry scoops. Four entrances, but only the SE definitely original; that on NW possible, but others probably modern on the NE and SW. General decline in condition due to animal erosion, scrub (on nearly three-quarters of the rampart) and cultivation. Area divided into three fields and in multiple (3) ownership. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015). There are lynchets outside to the SW. Deterioration due to lack of management. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1886).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -283116  Y:  6842722  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.543276115283025  Latitude:  52.234963940804306  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Thornbury

Monument Condition

General decline in condition due to animal erosion, scrub (on nearly three-quarters of the rampart) and cultivation. Area divided into three fields and in multiple (3) ownership. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

General cultivation of interior. Some pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Site follows the contours on hill summit. Large site on hill summit overlooking the Kyre Brook to the N and W and the headwaters of the River Frome to the S and W.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Plateau-like summit of hill.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  230.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1886). Herefordshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1886):   OS map.
Other (2012):   Herfordshire Council survey.

Interior Features

None.

Water Source

Spring located 0.4 km outside hillfort.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Four entrances, but only the SE definitely original. The NW may also be original, but others probably modern. Two probably modern entrances cut through the rampart on the NE and SW.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   Two probably modern entrances cut through the rampart on the NE and SW.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Four entrances but only the SE definitly original. The NW may also be original, but others probably modern.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (South east):   Original inturned entrance.
2. In-turned (North west):   Possibly original inturned entrance.

Enclosing Works

A single, massive, rampart and scarping gives height and rises to 12.5m above the ditch to the E, which also has a low counterscarp bank of up to 1.2m.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   9.0ha.
Total:   9.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

Single massive rampart.

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Large site in area.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Banks complete the circuit.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Possible earthen bank. Low counterscarp

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   An outer ditch remains on the N and E sides.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012: Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Page, W. ed. 1908. The Victoria County History of the County of Herefordshire, 1, 221, London: St Catherine Press.

RCHME 1931-34. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire, 2, (E), 189-90, 13, London: HMSO.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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