Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0037 Wapley Camp, Herefordshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE41 (208)

NMR:  SO 36 SW 14 (106547)

SM:  1011017

NGR:  SO 345624

X:  334500  Y:  262400  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, triangular, contour hillfort located on the wooded summit of Wapley Hill overlooking the River Lugg and Hindwell Brook confluence and River Arrow to the S. Triangular asymetric enclosure measuring 420m by 200m, with internal area c. 5.4ha. Defences from the valley below look massive with three banks on the E and W and two scarps on the N. Two banks appear 7m-8m high with berm on outer. Two original entrances to the N and S two others to E and W modern. There are three pillow mounds in the interior and three others outside. Ridge and furrow in interior. Most of site, apart from the outer N rampart, under Forestry Commission ownership. Scrub clearance and bracken and bramble control in Forestry Commission area undertaken through management agreement since 2004, including removal of conifers. Possible harvesting problems in N part of site. Conjecture of reuse by Owain Glyndwr. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1886).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -329620  Y:  6846514  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.9610227881128237  Latitude:  52.25582202987954  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Staunton on Arrow

Monument Condition

Most of site, apart from the outer N rampart,under Forestry Commission ownership. Scrub clearance and bracken and bramble control in Forestry Commission area undertaken through management agreement since 2004, including removal of conifers. Possible harvesting problems in N part of site.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Part of N rampart under commercial conifer plantation.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Site roughly follows the contours. Large isolated hillfort located on the wooded summit of Wapley Hill.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Hill top

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  320.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Conjecture of reuse by Owain Glyndwr. Pillow mounds in interior and outside. Ridge and furrow in interior.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1886). Management agreement post 2004. Herefordshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1886):   OS map.
Other (1968):   Visit by Hillfort Study Group
Other (2004):   Management agreement post 2004.
Other (2012):   Herefordshire Council survey.

Interior Features

Three pillow mounds and modern quarry in the interior, otherwise no features recorded.

Water Source

Hindwell Brook located 0.7 km outside the hillfort.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Three pillow mounds in the interior. Modern quarry.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

To the S an interesting passageway through ramparts with inturns. Possibly the main entrance. To the NE a, possibly original, simple gap through the ramparts. Modern gaps to the E and W.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   Two modern gaps to the E and W.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Two original entrances to the NE corner and S.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   Possibly original gap entrance at NE corner of site.
2. Passage-way/Corridor (South):   Interesting passageway through ramparts with inturns. Possibly the main entrance.

Enclosing Works

Defences from the valley below appear massive with three banks on the E and W and two on the N. Two banks 7m-8m high with berm on outer. Two ditches.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   5.4ha.
Total:   5.4ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Triangular asymetric enclosure 420m by 200m.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   The ramparts are variable but complete the circuit. Three banks on the E and W and two on the N.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Berm on outer.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Two ditches variable about the site.

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012. Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Page, W. ed. 1908. The Victoria County History of the County of Herefordshire, 1, 219, London: St Catherine Press.

RCHME 1931-34. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire, 3, (NW), 185, 12, London: HMSO.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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