Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0060 Caus Castle, Shropshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Shropshire 249 (None)

NMR:  SJ 30 NW 1 (66343)

SM:  1020147

NGR:  SJ337078

X:  333700  Y:  307800  (OSGB36)

Summary

The buried remains of a small, multivallate, probable contour hillfort, with the structural remains of a motte and bailey castle and small medieval town or borough. Site is set on a prominent hill at the SE end of Long Mountain. Internal area c. 3.6ha. The defences are bivallate on the NW and SE and trivallate on the NE and SW, separated by ditches. Two entrances are on the E and W, with some masonry still visible, but there is another possibly on the NE. Within the enclosure the motte (15m high) and bailey castle is defended by double banks and date from about the 11th or 12th centuries, the borough having streets, two gates and two chapels of the same date. Gradiometer survey 2015. Pasture and woodland, but some ash tree colonisation and scrub causing problems to be addressed. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -331930  Y:  6921054  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.9817775012680556  Latitude:  52.663820583878724  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Shropshire

Historic County:  Shropshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Westbury

Monument Condition

Pasture and woodland, but some ash tree colonisation and scrub causing problems to be addressed. Motte and bailey castle.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Pasture, wood and scrub. Motte and bailey castle.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Fort follows the contours tof hill to its defensive advantage. Set on a prominent hill at the SE end of Long Mountain, overlooking the Rea Brook to the S and E and undulating lowlands to N.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Prominent hill.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  200.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

The medieval remains are dated to the 11th and 12th centuries. The hillfort is assumed to be of Iron Age date, but its exact date is unknown.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Within the enclosure the motte (15m high) and bailey castle is defended by double banks and date from about the 11th or 12th centuries, the borough having streets, two gates and two chapels of the same date.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900). Field observationOrdnance Survey 1971. Field observation English heritage 1987. Air Photograph Interpretation RCHME: Marches Uplands NMP 1993-2000. ShropshireShropshire Council survey 2012. Gradiometer survey G. Carey 2015.

Investigations:
Other (2012):   Shropshire Council survey.
Geophysical Survey (2015):   G. Carey.
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed OS
Other (None):   Air Photograph Interpretation RCHME: Marches Uplands NMP.

Interior Features

None

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

No details of 2015 survey.

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Two entrances are on the E and W, simple gaps, with some masonry still visible, but there is another possibly on the NE, its form not determined.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   No modern gaps recorded.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Possibly three original entrances.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   Simple gap with some masonry still visible,
2. Simple Gap (West):   Simple gap with some masonry still visible.
3. Simple Gap (North east):   Form of entrance not determined and simple gap default.

Enclosing Works

The defences are bivallate on the NW and SE and trivallate on the NE and SW, separated by ditches. Only parts of the site are visible. Some masonry, stone faces, is visible in the ditches at the entrances.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   3.6ha.
Total:   3.6ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   The main enclosure is estimated only at c. 3.6 ha.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Only parts of the site are visible.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Some masonry is visible in the ditches at the entrances.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   The ditches are visible only as depressions or sloping terraces.

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012: Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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