Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0158 Eynsham Park Camp, Oxfordshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

Scroll left/right to view further images.

HER:  Oxfordshire 5133 (MOX2543)

NMR:  SP 31 SE 9 (334760)

SM:  None

NGR:  SP 3935 1148

X:  439350  Y:  211550  (OSGB36)

Summary

Within Eynsham Hall Park, North Leigh, on a low spur with good views except to the N. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900). A roughly circular univallate enclosure of 1.4ha with a sub-rectangular annex of 4.0h attached to the S. The earthworks are in good condition for both elements, c2m high with a c.2m deep outer ditch for the main enclosure and a lesser bank of c.1m around the annex. The enclosure has modern gaps and a single original entrance to the SE which leads into the annex, this has breaks to the E, S and W although it isn't clear which are original. The enclosure and N part of the annex are in woodland, the majority of the annex in open parkland. Sutton (1966) mentions a small-scale excavation across the bank of the main enclosure in 1955 but no records can be traced. No dating evidence but probably Iron Age based on its earthwork morphology.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -159271  Y:  6764254  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.4307531346489422  Latitude:  51.801171617128716  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Oxfordshire

Historic County:  Oxfordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  North Leigh

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

The earthworks of the enclosure and annex are upstanding and in good condition, the enclosure is wooded, the annex is also at the N where it joins the enclosure, the central and S sections are in open parkland.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Located on a flat spur with good views except to the N, a partial contour fort

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  On slightly raised spur, good views in all directions except to the N

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  91.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Assumed Iron Age based on morphology of earthworks

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   Assumed Iron Age

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900). Two trenches across rampart of small enclosure in 1955, at NE and SW, mentioned in Sutton (1966) but no records identified.

Investigations:
Excavation (1955):   No records identified
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed. OS

Interior Features

No evidence for interior features.

Water Source

A pond at the E side of the annex fed by a stream.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

A single entrance to the SE, a simple gap, leads into the annex.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   Entrance into the annex

Enclosing Works

Univallate for the entire circuit, bank stands to c.2m high with an outer ditch c.2m deep.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.4ha.
Total:   1.4ha.

Total Footprint Area:  5.4ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Eathern bank for entire circuit

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Single outer ditch for entire circuit, survives to c.2m deep in places

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✓   An annex of c.4.0ha adjoins the southern side of the main enclosure, univallate with the bank reaching c.1m high on the E with traces of a ditch outside it (possibly identified in the SW excavation trench as a 'square cut ditch'). A gap, probably not original where it joins the W side of the main enclosure and a larger break at the S, gap (now a pond) where it joins at the E. The earthwork is much smaller than the main enclosure, indicating a possible stock enclosure.

References

Manning, P. and Leeds, E.T. 1921. An archaeological survey of Oxfordshire. London: Society of Antiquaries.

Page, W. (ed) 1907. The Victoria History of the County of Oxford, Vol II. London, 314.

Sutton, J.E.G. 1966. Iron-Age hill-forts and some other earthworks in Oxfordshire, Oxoniensia, 31, 28-42.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1