Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0356 Ritton Castle, Shropshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Shropshire 1327 (None)

NMR:  SO 39 NW 6 (107460)

SM:  1020150

NGR:  SO34449765

X:  334440  Y:  297650  (OSGB36)

Summary

Earthwork and buried remains of a small, univallate, crescent-shaped, inland promontory hillfort which encloses a medieval ringwork and bailey and post-medieval mining settlement, and sited on a projecting cliff edge shelf above steep slopes on the NW side of Brooks Hill, just to the W of the Stiperstones and in a commanding position with far reaching views to the N and W. Above the Ritton Castle Mine, the ground falls steeply to the NW with a precipitous ravine on the NE. Hillfort is sub-rectangular in plan measuring 116m by 215m enclosing c. 1.3ha, and where the ground falls steeply away scarp defences are bounded by an external terrace or berm c. 1m-2m wide. To the E, where the ground rises gently to the SE, the hillfort is defined by a bank c. 6m wide and 1m high and an external ditch 6m-8m wide and 1m in depth. To the S the ditch is bounded by a steep scarp which continues along the W and N sides of the shelf and to the NE where it turns outwards to join the scarp. Later, in the medieval period, the hillfort circuit was incorporated into the design of a ringwork and bailey, the principal residence or caput of Ritton Manor, first recorded in 1203 when Robert Corbert of Caus granted the site to Buildwas Abbey. The N part of the ringwork uses the steep scarp which originally defended the NW circuit of the hillfort and the position of the ringwork suggests that the rest of the hillfort served as a bailey and would have contained a series of ancillary buildings and stores. The S side of the ringwork has sizeable defences on its S side with curving rampart of earth and stone c. 2.2m high and with a 8m-10m wide ditch, some 2.2m deep. Later a small lead mining settlement is shown on the 1882 OS map and detritus from this remains on the site, including two small quarries, trackways and a square embanked enclosure. The entrance into the hillfort enclosure was via a causeway c. 5m in width through the NE part of the defences. The site is very overgrown. Few investigations. On 1st Ed OS map (1882).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -330488  Y:  6904342  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.968820984042534  Latitude:  52.572675975887854  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Shropshire

Historic County:  Shropshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Worthen with Shelve

Monument Condition

The fort has been incorporated into the design of the medieval ringwork and bailey castle and later 19th century lead mining settlement was located in the interior, with associated detritus, trackways, two small quarries and a squared embanked enclosure.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Very overgrown. A commercial conifer plantation was due to be felled in 2012. Medieval ringwork and bailey castle and later 19th century lead mining settlement was located in the interior.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Small inland promontory fort strategically sited above steep slopes on a projecting cliff edge shelf on the NW side of Brooks Hill, just to the W of the Stiperstones and in a commanding position with far reaching views to the N and W.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Projecting cliff edge shelf on the very steep NW slopes of Brooks Hill.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  310.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Date of hillfort unknown, but possibly late Bronze Age to early Iron Age. Later medieval ringwork and bailey castle c. 13th century and 19th century used hillfort as a bailey.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Later medieval ringwork and bailey castle and 19th century lead mining settlement.

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   Later medieval ringwork and bailey castle and 19th century lead mining settlement.

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1882). Field observation Ordnance Survey 1973. Field observation Shropshire CC 1981. Shropshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1882):   1st Ed OS
Other (1973):   Field observation OS.
Other (1981):   Field observation Shropshire CC.
Other (2012):   Shropshire Council survey.

Interior Features

Much later 19th century detritus associated with a lead mining settlement to include two small quarries, trackways and a square embanked enclosure.

Water Source

Probable later well could indicate earlier water supply on site.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Much later 19th century detritus associated with a lead mining settlement to include two small quarries, trackways and a square embanked enclosure.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

The original entrance into the hillfort enclosure was via a causeway c. 5m in width through the NE part of the defences. Later 4m wide entrance through ringwork defences to provide access within.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   The exact number of breaks in the ramparts is difficult to ascertain because of later disturbance. Later 4m wide entrance through ringwork defences to provide access within.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Possibly one original entrance to hillfort main enclosure and later 4m wide entrance through ringwork defences to provide access within.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   Entrance via a causeway c. 5m in width through the NE part of the defences.

Enclosing Works

The hillfort is sub-rectangular in plan measuring 116m by 215m enclosing c. 1.3ha and where the ground falls steeply away scarp defences are bounded by an external terrace or berm c. 1m-2m wide. To the E, where the ground rises gently to the SE, the hillfort is defined by a bank c. 6m wide and 1m high and an external ditch 6m-8m wide and 1m in depth. To the S the ditch is bounded by a steep scarp which continues along the W and N sides of the shelf and to the NE where it turns outwards to join the scarp. The S side has sizeable defences on its S side with curving rampart of earth and stone c. 2.2m high and with a 8m-10m wide ditch, some 2.2m deep.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.3ha.
Total:   1.3ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The exact area is difficult to ascertain because of the later medieval ringwork and bailey. Possibly phased but difficult to assess.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   The exact circuit is difficult to ascertain because of later disturbance.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Possible earth and stone construction as is the S bank of the ringwork.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   To the E, where the ground rises gently to the SE, the hillfort is defined by a bank c. 6m wide and 1m high and an external ditch 6-8m wide and 1m in depth.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012: Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Hogg, A. H. A. and King, D .J. C. 1963. Early Castles in Wales and the Marches, Arch Camb, 112, 77-124.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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