Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0369 Kempsey Promontory Fort, Worcestershire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Worcestershire MWR661 (WSM02113)

NMR:  SO 84 NW 3 (115937)

SM:  None

NGR:  SO848491

X:  384829  Y:  249117  (OSGB36)

Summary

Destroyed inland promontory fort in lowland location on gravel riverine terrace, beween the the E bank of the River Severn and Hatfield Brook, some 2.5m above the flood plain. On NE artificial bank with ditch dug across terrace, the rest of the earthwork being formed by scarping of natural banks of terrace. The earthworks, formerly a Saxon monastery and Bishop's Palace, enclose the church. A slight bank on the S side of the churchyard extends beyond, returning N'wards outside the W boundary of the churchyard. Some excavation by Webster in 1954 and O' Neil in 1956. The latter trenched at the NW corner, could not find the ramparts, but down the lane towards the Severn a clay gully was suggested as a possible ditch. Single sherd of Iron Age pottery found. Rampart, though in good condition to 1836, is now destroyed, finally by housing, and only the scarps of terrace remains, rising from marshy ground.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -247475  Y:  6825497  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.2231088296978996  Latitude:  52.14010042601525  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Worcestershire

Historic County:  Worcestershire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kempsey

Monument Condition

Bank finally destroyed by housing.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Site of church.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Destroyed promontory fort in lowland location on gravel riverine terrace, beween the the E bank of the River Severn and Hatfield Brook, some 2.5m above the flood plain.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Riverine gravel terrace.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  18.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Sherd of Iron Age pottery found nearby in possible ditch.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Sherd of Iron Age pottery from possible ditch.

Investigation History

Small excavation by G. Webster 1954 and H.E. O.Neil 1956.

Investigations:
Excavation (1954):   Excavation by G. Webster.
Excavation (1956):   Excavation by H.E. O'Neil.

Interior Features

No details found in excavations. Sherd of Iron Age pottery found in nearby possible ditch.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

No details found in excavations.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Sherd of Iron Age pottery found in nearby possible ditch.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

No entrance recorded.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

On NE artificial bank with ditch dug across terrace, the rest of the earthwork being formed by scarping of natural banks of terrace.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   4.45ha.
Total:   4.45ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Rampart across neck of promontory.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

O' Neil did not find rampart in excavation.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Ditch to bank across promontory, now a buried feature.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

O' Neil, H.E. 1956. Court house excavations: Kempsey, January 1956, Trans Worcs Arch Soc, 33, 33-44.

Page, W. and Willis-Bund, J.W. (eds) 1924. Victoria History of the Counties of England: a history of the County of Worcestershire, Vol IV, 421, London: St Catherine Press.

Webster, G. 1955. A trial excavation at Kempsey, Trans Worcs Arch Soc, 32, 13-14.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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