Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0419 Castle Rings, Donhead St Mary, Wiltshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI170 (None)

NMR:  ST 82 NE 5 (206321)

SM:  1005698

NGR:  ST88762509

X:  388769  Y:  125090  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate, roughly oval, partial contour hillfort located in hills above the headwaters of the Rivers Sem and Nadder. Rampart with substantial exterior ditch, 16m wide and up to 4.4m deep, and strong counterscarp bank, averaging 5m wide and up to 1.5m high on N and E perimeter to 3.1m high external on SW. As result hillfort could be mistaken for bivallate. Site measures 320m N-S by 200m, enclosing 5.2 ha. The rampart 2.8m high in Crates Wood, with ditch 0.4m deep. Best preserved on W, immediately S of entrance. Five gaps through ramparts, all but two modern. Larger gaps on W and E possibly the original entrances. Level interior cultivated for considerable time; certainly since early 19th century as Colt-Hoare's plan of 1812 shows it divided into three fields. As result no internal features visible. No surface finds. Modern plough lynchet up to c. 0.9m high runs immediately within inner face of rampart for much of the circuit. The plough-denuded remains of earthworks visible in field to W of hillfort of hollow c. 80m in length flanked by intermittent bank aligned SW-NE running towards W entrance. To the SW of this, a lynchet c. 0.5m in height runs for c 60m, again towards the W entrance. Their function unknown. Cross-ridge dyke c. 280m in length runs c. 280m to W of, and follows line of, hillfort defences. Best preserved in woodland to NW of hillfort, where c. 2m high and c. 6m wide. The bank is immediately fronted to the W by ditch c 3m-5m wide and c. 2m-5m deep. It is tempting to suggest some relationship of these features with the hillfort, but there is no evidence for this. Interior features destroyed by cultivation. Ramparts tree and scrub covered. Undated. On Ist Ed. OS map (1887-88).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -240621  Y:  6625719  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.1615344292837877  Latitude:  51.025008203268314  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Donhead St. Mary; Sedgehill and Semley

Monument Condition

Interior features destroyed by cultivation. Ramparts tree and scrub covered.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Interior cultivated. Ramparts tree and scrub covered.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate, roughly oval, partial contour hillfort (cutting across the 230m contour NW-SE), located in hills above the headwaters of the Rivers Sem and Nadder.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Hill top

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  230.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On Ist Ed. OS map (1887-88). Measured survey RCHME: South Wiltshire Project, ref. no. 831573. Watching Brief for 11Kv cabling Wessex Archaeology 1997.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1812):   R. Colt Hoare plan.
1st Identified Written Reference (1812):   R. Colt Hoare.
Other (1997):   Watching Brief Wessex Archaeology.
Other (None):   OS map
Earthwork Survey (None):   Measured survey RCHME: South Wiltshire Project.

Interior Features

None.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Five gaps through ramparts, all but two modern. Larger simple gaps on E and W possibly the original entrances.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
5:   Three modern gaps.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None
2. Simple Gap (West):   None

Enclosing Works

Rampart with substantial exterior ditch, 16m wide and up to 4.4m deep, and strong counterscarp bank, averaging 5m wide and up to 1.5m high on N and E perimeter to 3.1m high external on SW. As result hillfort could be mistaken for bivallate. The rampart 2.8m high in Crates Wood, with ditch 0.4m deep. Best preserved on W, immediately S of entrance.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   5.2ha.
Total:   5.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Exterior ditch.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Colt Hoare, R.W. 1812. The ancient history of Wiltshire, I, London: Miller, 253.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 265.

Sumner, H. 1913: Ancient earthworks in Cranborne Chase, 23-4.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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