Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0423 Knook Castle, Wiltshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI3710 (None)

NMR:  ST 94 SE 2 (211305)

SM:  1010207

NGR:  ST96004402

X:  396006  Y:  144042  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate hillslope fort sited on slight SE-facing downland spur slope above the River Wylye Valley. Smallest hillfort in MOD Salisbury Plain Training Area, enclosing 1.75ha. Oval in plan, fort built on relatively level/slighltly sloping ground and akin to Casterley Camp (Atlas No 0389), lacking general topographical advantage. With substantial bank, deep and wide ditch and counterscarp (lower on E), as unusual sub-rectangular shape with concave sides and marked protuberance to the NW, result of construction on earlier field system. Best when viewed from S. Located in area of great archaeological interest on Knook Down West (see Bowden 2005, Fig 3.27), it was planned by Colt Hoare 1812 and Flinders Petrie in 1877. Evidence of Celtic fields, Romano-British settlement (to N), bowl barrow and S-shaped lynchet, all in vicinity of fort. Simple entrance on the SE side and a modern break on the W. Has been described as defensive cattle-pen associated with nearby Romano-British settlement, but clearly hillfort. Slight ridge and furrow in interior. Heavy cattle grazing damage. Undated. On Ist Ed. OS map (1887).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -229158  Y:  6655953  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.058559054366861  Latitude:  51.19552635110344  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Upton Lovell

Monument Condition

Boundary features damaged by ploughing and heavy cattle grazing and ploughing removed all traces of contemporary detail within enclosure.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Downland pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Hillslope fort located on slight SE-facing downland spur slope above the River Wylye Valley. Although site itself relatively level, sited on slight slope, hence hillslope fort and not level terrain fort.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Located on the flattish plateau of Knook Down West

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Downland spur.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  165.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Earlier field system.
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). On Ist Ed. OS map (1887). Description of site and plans by Colt Hoare 1812 and Flinders Petrie 1877. Evaluation Southern Range road - Giffords 1996. RCHME field survey Salisbury Plain Training Area, survey ref. no. 888341.

Investigations:
Other (1812):   Description and plan by Colt Hoare.
Other (1877):   Description and plan by Flinders Petrie.
Other (1887):   OS map.
Other (1984):   Visit by Hillfort Study Group
Earthwork Survey (1991):   RCHME field survey Salisbury Plain Training Area.
Other (1996):   Giffords - Evaluation Southern Range road - Giffords.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.

Interior Features

Slight ridge and furrow in interior on aerial photographs.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Slight ridge and furrow in interior.

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Original simple gap entrance to SE with possible modern gaps to the N, E and W.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   Possible modern gaps to the N, E and W.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Original simple gap entrance to SE.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   None

Enclosing Works

With bank, ditch and counterscarp (lower on E), as unusual sub-rectangular shape with concave sides and marked protuberance to the NW, result of construction on earlier field system. Best when viewed from S.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.75ha.
Total:   1.75ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Colt Hoare, R.C. 1812. The ancient history of Wiltshire, I, London: Miller.

McOmish, Frost, D. and Brown, G. 2002. The field archaeology of the Salisbury Plain Training Area, Swindon: English Heritage.

Rogers, I (Gifford and Partners) Defence Estates Organisation: archaeological evaluation on the Southern Range Road, Salisbury Plain Training Area, Wiltshire. Gifford and Partners archaeological evaluation and assessment reports - Final report. (7428).



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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