Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0440 King's Castle, Somerset (Castle Hill, Wivelscombe)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Somerset 43792 (None)

NMR:  ST 02 NE 4 (188200)

SM:  1016498

NGR:  ST096282

X:  309600  Y:  128200  (OSGB36)

Summary

Fairly large oval contour hillfort located on an isolated flat-topped hill on the E edge of Exmoor. Steep surrounding slopes, precipitous on N, E and NW. There are conflicting thoughts as to whether the site is multivallate or univallate and the fact that the ramparts have been much mutilated, and indeed lost to quarrying on the N, does not assist interpretation. The site is scheduled as multivallate and the banks vary in dimension about the circuit. A rampart, varies in height from c. 2m interior and 10m exterior on the W and 2.5m interior and 6m exterior on the S. To the N quarrying has taken the ramparts whilst to the E hedge banks blur interpretation, but a low 3m wide earthwork is visible. On the S side a flat-bottomed ditch 3m-4m wide has an outer bank (or counterscarp) to 11m high in places. An original inturned S entrance is staggered. Two gaps to the W are modern. Chance finds include weathered and undated human remains; Neolithic flints, two hoards of Roman coins and a red sandstone spindle whorl. The site is devoted to agriculture (barn, gate and troughs within); arable in interior with heavily wooded banks. Minimal investigations. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -366351  Y:  6629427  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.290988447659483  Latitude:  51.04595599504417  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Somerset

Historic County:  Somerset

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Wiveliscombe

Monument Condition

Site destroyed by quarrying on the N and much mutilated generally. Barn, gate and troughs located within.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Wooded banks, arable interior. Quarrying.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Fairly large oval contour hillfort located on an isolated flat-topped hill on the E edge of Exmoor. Steep surrounding slopes, precipitous on N, E and NW.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Isolated steep side hill

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Isolated flat-topped hill.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  162.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Site probably of Iron Age date, but earlier Neolithic and later Roman activity indicated.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Neolithic chance finds.
Post Hillfort:   Roman coin hoards.

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Neolithic finds and Roman coin hoards suggest some activity outside the main hillfort occupation date.

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed OS

Interior Features

None other than stray finds, Neolithic and Roman.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Chance finds include weathered and undated human remains (three human femora found 1914); Neolithic flints, two hoards of Roman coins in 1711 (chiefly Trajan, Antoninus, Pius, Tacitus, Galliensis) and a red sandstone spindle whorl.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

An original inturned S entrance is staggered. Two gaps to the W are modern.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Two gaps to the W are modern.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Original on S.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (South):   Staggered entrance.
1. Over-lapping (South):   Staggered.

Enclosing Works

There are conflicting thoughts as to whether the site is multivallate or univallate and the fact that the ramparts have been much mutilated, and indeed lost to quarrying on the N, does not assist interpretation. A rampart, varying in height from c. 2m interior and 10m exterior on the W and 2.5m interior and 6m exterior on the S. To the N quarrying has taken the ramparts whist to the E hedge banks blur interpretation, but a low 3m wide earthwork is visible. On the S side a flat-bottomed ditch 3m-4m wide has an outer bank (or counterscarp) to 11m high in places.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   4.1ha.
Total:   4.1ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Conflicting thoughts as to whether an outer bank visible on the S side is a true rampart or a counterscarp. Its sheer size to 11m high may indicate the former, but the lack of a visible outer ditch suggests the latter interpretation. It is scheduled as multivallate.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Possible counterscarp or outer bank.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   On the S side is a flat-bottomed ditch 3m-4m wide.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Burrow, E.J. 1924. Ancient earthworks and camps of Somerset, Cheltenham: E.J. Burrow, 98-99.

Gray, H.St.G. and Mattingley, H. 1946. A hoard of late Roman coins on Castle Hill, Wiveliscombe, 1946, Proc Somerset Archaeol Natur Hist Soc, 92, 65-7.

Page, W. (ed) 1911. The Victoria County History of the County of Somerset, 2, 505, London: St Catherine Press.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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