Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0456 Mells Down Camp, Somerset

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Somerset 12041 (None)

NMR:  ST 75 SW (None)

SM:  None

NGR:  ST72395151

X:  372390  Y:  151510  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, ploughed-down and complex, hillslope fort sited in arable fields on Mells Down above the headwaters of the River Frome and to SE of Kingsdown Camp (Atlas No 0463). Main enclosure possibly triple or quadruple ditched in places, all enclosing c. 11ha. Formerly bank to 1m high and 10m wide in places, but present extent not determined. Visible on aerial photographs, possible, larger, single-ditched enclosure attached to W of main. To assess plough damage, two trenches opened in 1998 revealing possible dry-stone wall along inner edge of buried ditch which found to be U-shaped. Finds included butchered animal bone, early Iron Age pottery and Roman Savernake ware. Most of pottery abraded and local origin. In early phase possible farmstead or enclosed settlement suggested and therefore site phased construction. Possible two entrances, on NE, a simple break in bank and on NW more complex with associated outworks. In arable fields. Unscheduled and not detailed in NMR. No further details.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Unconfirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -266845  Y:  6667774  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.39710718040874  Latitude:  51.262020298760625  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Somerset

Historic County:  Somerset

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Mells; Kilmersdon

Monument Condition

Ploughed-down. Formerly bank to 1m high and 10m wide in places, but present extent not determined and probably no longer visible.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Under arable.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Large ploughed-down hillslope earthwork sited on Mells Down above the headwaters of the River Frome.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Downland slopes.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  175.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

Possible long period of occupation. Finds from trenches included butchered animal bone, early Iron Age pottery and Roman Savernake ware. Most of pottery abraded and local origin. Possible early phase of farmstead or enclosed settlement.

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Finds from trenches included butchered animal bone, early Iron Age pottery and Roman Savernake ware. Most of pottery abraded and local origin.

Investigation History

Two trenches opened Somerset County Council 1998.

Investigations:
Excavation (1998):   Two trenches opened Somerset County Council.

Interior Features

Finds from trenches included butchered animal bone, early Iron Age pottery and Roman Savernake ware. Most of pottery abraded and local origin.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Finds from trenches included butchered animal bone, early Iron Age pottery and Roman Savernake ware. Most of pottery abraded and local origin.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Possibly two entrances, on NE, a simple break in bank and on NW more complex with associated outworks.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
None:   Not determined, no longer visible.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Possibly two.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None
2. Outworks (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Main enclosure possibly triple or quadruple ditched in places, all enclosing c. 11ha. Formerly bank to 1m high and 10m wide in places, but present extent not determined. Visible on aerial photographs, possible, larger, single-ditched enclosure attached to W of main. To assess plough damage, two trenches opened 1998 revealing possible dry-stone wall along inner edge of buried ditch which found to be U-shaped.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   11.0ha.
Total:   11.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   In early phase possible farmstead or enclosed settlement suggested and therefore site phased construction.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Former circuit estimated only.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Possible bank only.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

Ramparts not excavated, but, to assess plough damage, two trenches opened 1998 revealing possible dry-stone wall along inner edge of buried ditch which found to be U-shaped.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Up to three or four ditches possible. To assess plough damage, two trenches opened 1998 revealing possible drystone wall along inner edge of buried ditch which found to be U-shaped.

Number of Ditches:  4

Annex:
✓   Possible, but not verified, larger, single-ditched enclosure attached to W of main.

References

Powlesland, I, 1998. A Survey of the Prehistoric/Roman landscape of the East Somerset Area, No 9, unpublished report Somerset County Council.

Powlesland, I. Undated. Fieldwork at Mells Down, Beeches Grove and Downhead 1997-2000; Survey, excavation and fieldwalking. (2005), unpublished report Somerset County Council.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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