Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0463 Kingsdown Camp, Somerset

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Somerset 23849 (None)

NMR:  ST 75 SW 4 (203188)

SM:  1006219

NGR:  ST71885172

X:  371880  Y:  151720  (OSGB36)

Summary

Small part contour hillfort sited on a SW facing spur of W Mells Down above the headwaters of the Mells River. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900). Excavation by H.St.G. Gray 1927-29 found a pre-Flavian dry-stone wall and v-shaped outer ditch and inner ditch. This enclosing wall, now concealed within a low bank, suggested by parched surface of the grass-covered banks in dry conditions and exposed stones in places. Surrounding ditch survives only on N and W sides; probably buried feature elsewhere. Two paved entrances found, an original of Iron Age date to SSE and later Roman entrance to NE with two gate post holes. Numerous finds from both ditches, including pottery of Iron Age to Roman date, Romano-British brooches, currency bars, Roman coins, human bone and Roman burials and iron slag. Occupation of the site continued into late first and second centuries AD.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -267660  Y:  6668105  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.404432857109107  Latitude:  51.263883554894896  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Somerset

Historic County:  Somerset

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Mells; Kilmersdon

Monument Condition

Nearly gone.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Downland pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Small partial contour hillfort sited on a SW facing spur of W Mells Down above the headwaters of the Mells River.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur of Mells Down.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  185.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

Excavations 1927-29 found numerous artefacts, indicating occupation in late Iron Age to later refortification in late 1st/2nd century AD.

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Excavations 1927-29 found many artefacts.

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900). Excavation by H.St.G. Gray 1927-29.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed OS
Excavation (None):   H. St. G. Gray.

Interior Features

Various banks and mounds of local stone examined - their nature not determined. Numerous finds including pottery of Iron Age to Roman date, Romano-British brooches, currency bars, Roman coins, human bone and Roman burials and iron slag.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Inner quarry ditch. Various mounds and banks in evidence.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

Various banks and mounds of local stone examined - their nature not determined.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Numerous finds from both ditches, including pottery of Iron Age to Roman date, Romano-British brooches, currency bars, Roman coins, human bone and Roman burials and iron slag.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Two paved entrances were found, an original of Iron Age date to the SSE and a later Roman entrance to the NE with two gate postholes.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Other Forms (South east):   Paved entrance.
2. Other Forms (North east):   Roman paved entrance.

Enclosing Works

Pre-Flavian drystone wall and v-shaped outer ditch and inner ditch. This enclosing wall, which is now concealed within a low bank, is also suggested by parched surface of the grass covered banks in dry conditions and exposed stones in places. The surrounding ditch survives only on the N and W sides; probably a buried feature elsewhere.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.0ha.
Total:   2.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

Pre-Flavian dry-stone wall and v-shaped outer ditch and inner ditch.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   v-shaped outer ditch and inner quarry ditch. The surrounding ditch survives only on the N and W sides; probably a buried feature elsewhere.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Burrow, I. 1981. Hillfort and hill-top settlement in Somerset in the first to eighth centuries AD, BAR British Series 1(1974) - 91, 260.

Gray, H.St.G. 1930. Excavations at Kingsdown Camp, Mells, Somerset, 1927-9, Archaeologia, 80, 59-98.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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