Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0477 Glead's Cleugh Camp, Northumberland (Gledes-Cleugh Camp; Gleadscleugh)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Northumberland 1401 (None)

NMR:  NT 92 NW 15 (2858)

SM:  1014930

NGR:  NT 9488 2909

X:  394887  Y:  629090  (OSGB36)

Summary

Lying to the SW of Akeld, a promontory fort on the summit of a spur on Akeld Hill. The naturally steep-sided promontory overlooks the valley of Akeld Burn in the S and is overlooked at close range from the W and by the higher ground to the N. The hillfort was constructed in two phases and was originally a univallate enclosure with a single bank running around the spur and cutting across the neck of the promontory in the N. A later phase saw two further ramparts constructed across the neck outside the original bank to enclose an area of 0.3ha. The original bank in the N was partially levelled at that time. The ramparts are of stone rubble construction and are now mostly grass covered. The innermost rampart is 50m long by 0.2-2m high and 6m wide. A U-shaped ditch 9m wide separates it from the middle rampart. The middle rampart is 67m long, up to 3m high and 10m wide. It is separated from the outer rampart by a flat bottomed ditch up to 4m wide. The outer rampart is 74m long by 5m wide and up to 2m high. It is revetted by large stones on both the inner and outer faces. An external ditch 2.5m wide by 0.4m deep lies outside the rampart with a slight counterscarp bank 3m wide. The original enclosure bank has now eroded in the NE corner and along an adjacent 50m long stretch in the E. A single entrance lies in the NE corner facing towards the natural line of approach. A further breach in the SE appears to be later although it was possibly constructed during the second phase. Up to fourteen scooped house platforms have been identified within the enclosure along terraces lying either side of a terraced trackway and overlying the line of the original rampart, although the accuracy of the interpretation has been questioned by a later surveys. Unrecorded on OS mapping until c.1980. Scheduled

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -231834  Y:  7470434  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.0826033280239247  Latitude:  55.55550916821393  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Northumberland

Historic County:  Northumberland

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Akeld

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Rough grassland, possibly grazed

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A promontory fort lying at 222m OD on the summit of a spur on Akeld Hill

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Summit of a spur on Akeld Hill

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  222.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Undated, presumed Iron Age

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   None

Investigation History

Unrecorded on OS mapping until c.1980. General reference in Tate (1862). Field investigations in 1955, 1969 and 1976. Field survey by G. Jobey c.1965. Analytical field survey 2000-2001 (Pearson & Ainsworth 2001) as part of the 'Discovering our Hillfort Heritage' Project. Mapped from aerial photographs as part of the Milfield Geoarchaeology Project. Scheduled

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1862):   Tate (18620
Other (1955):   Field investigation
Other (1965):   Field survey (G. Jobey)
Other (1969):   Field investigation
Other (1973):   Scheduled
Other (1976):   Field investigation
Earthwork Survey (None):   'Discovering our Hillfort Heritage' Project
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   None

Interior Features

Fourteen scooped house platforms have been identified within the enclosure along terraces lying either side of a terraced trackway. The lack of building stone suggests the platforms are Iron Age, possibly for timber-built roundhouses

Water Source

A stream originates from a spring in the NE corner

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

trackway

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

A simple gap entrance lies in the NE corner. A later breach, although possibly Iron Age, lies in the S

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   Through all three ramparts

Enclosing Works

Constructed in two phases and originally a univallate enclosure with a single bank running around the spur and cutting across the neck of the promontory in the N. A later phase saw two further ramparts constructed across the neck outside the original bank to enclose an area of 0.3ha. The original bank in the N was partially levelled at that time. The ramparts are of stone rubble construction and are now mostly grass covered. The innermost rampart is 50m long by 0.2-2m high and 6m wide. A U-shaped ditch 9m wide separates it from the middle rampart. The middle rampart is 67m long, up to 3m high and 10m wide. It is separated from the outer rampart by a flat bottomed ditch up to 4m wide. The outer rampart is 74m long by 5m wide and up to 2m high. It is revetted by large stones on both the inner and outer faces. An external ditch 2.5m wide by 0.4m deep lies outside the rampart with a slight counterscarp bank 3m wide. The original enclosure bank has now eroded in the NE corner and along an adjacent 50m long stretch in the E

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.3ha.
Total:   0.3ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Promontory fort

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✓   A sub-rectangular annexe 12m long by 8m terraced into the slope is attached to the outer rampart.

References

Hogg, A.H.A. 1979. British Hill-Forts. An Index. British Archaeological Reports, British Series 62.

Jobey, G .1965. Hillforts and Settlements in Northumberland. Archaeol Aeliana (4th Series) 43, 61

Oswald, A. Ainsworth, S. and Pearson, T 2006 Hillforts: Prehistoric Strongholds of Northumberland National Park. English Heritage

Pearson, T and Ainsworth S. 2001. An Iron Age Hillfort at Glead's Cleugh, Northumberland. Unpublished.

Tate, G. 1862. On the Old Celtic Town at Greaves Ash, near Linhope, Northumberland with an account of diggings recently made into this and other ancient remains in the valley of the Breamish. Hist Berwickshire Natur Club 4 (1856-62) 293-316



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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