Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0596 The Kettles, Northumberland (Maiden Castle; Greenside Camp; Cauterdale)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Northumberland 1546 (None)

NMR:  NT 92 NE 58 (2671)

SM:  1006530

NGR:  NT 9847 2730

X:  398470  Y:  627300  (OSGB36)

Summary

Lying 900m to the SW of Wooller, a large multivallate hillfort of 2.8ha lying at 160m OD. Irregular in form, it follows the contours of a low-lying NW-SE promontory in the W, sloping gently to the E. There is a single earth and stone bank on the E side where the natural slope is steepest. In the N it is strengthened by a broad outer rampart extending around the NW side Double ramparts 4.5m wide and 0.8m high and a medial ditch defend the SE extremity with an entrance at this location. It is divided across the neck of the promontory by three earth and stone ramparts 5.5m wide and 0.8m high running NE to SW which divides the enclosure into two separate compartments. Staggered entrances run centrally through the three banks. The NW compartment measures 108m by 100m enclosing approximately 0.9ha and the SE compartment 70m by 88m enclosing approximately 0.88ha. An external annex is appended to the rampart in the SW with an entrance in the N. In the NW compartment a single entrances lies in the N. An in-turned passage entrance runs SE to NW through the triple rampart. There are low dividing banks within the SE compartment, but no other no evidence for settlement although modification of the banks in the S is consistent with adaptation and reuse in the Roman period. There is anecdotal evidence for finds of Roman coins and a broken sword (Johnston, 1850). Until recently the site of a 19th-20th century golf course and club. The site is shown on 1856-65 OS mapping. No investigation has taken place and the site is undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -225510  Y:  7467274  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.025793970965845  Latitude:  55.539450188800615  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Northumberland

Historic County:  Northumberland

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Wooler

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Possibly masks internal occupation

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

On a low lying NW-SE promontory at 160m OD, a large fort which follows the contours in the W sloping to the E

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✓
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✓
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Low-lying promontory

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✓
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  160.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Undated, presumed Iron Age

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Probable Romano-British re-use. Until recently the site of a 19th-20th century golf course and club

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   None

Investigation History

General reference by George Tate (Home, 1856, 91). On 1856-65 OS mapping. The site has been mapped from the air as part of the Milfield Geoarchaeoloy Project - archive object MD000292. Field investigations in 1955, 1969. Scheduled

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1850):   None
Other (1934):   Scheduled
Other (1955):   Field investigation
Other (1969):   Field investigation
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS mapping

Interior Features

Low dividing banks within the SE compartment

Water Source

Humbleton Burn to NW

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Low dividing walls

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Anecdotal evidence for Roman coins and a broken sword

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✓
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

In the NW compartment a single entrance lies in the N. In the SE compartment a single entrance lies centrally in the SE.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North):   Inner rampart, NW compartment
1. Simple Gap (North):   Outer rampart, NW compartment
2. Simple Gap (South east):   Inner rampart, SE compartment
2. Simple Gap (South east):   Outer rampart, SE compartment

Enclosing Works

Irregular in form it comprises a single earth and stone bank which defends the NE and SW sides where the natural slope is steepest. In the N it is further strengthened by a broad outer rampart. Double ramparts 4.5m wide and 0.8m high and a medial ditch defend the SE extremity. It is divided across the neck of the promontory by three earth and stone ramparts 5.5m wide and 0.8m high running NE to SW which divides the enclosure into two separate compartments.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.8ha.
Total:   2.8ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Single ditch in SE

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✓   An external annex is appended to the rampart in the SW with an entrance in the N.

References

Jobey, G.1965. Hillforts and Settlements in Northumberland. Archaeol Aeliana (4th Series) 43

Home, R , G.1850. 'Address to the Members, delivered at the Anniversary Meeting held at Newtown, September 8th, 1852'. Hist Berwickshire Natur Club 3 (1850-56), 85-98



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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