Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0607 Cadson Bury, Cornwall

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO34 (6865)

NMR:  SX 36 NW 5 (436704)

SM:  1004494

NGR:  SX3433067385

X:  234330  Y:  67385  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate, egg-shaped, contour hillfort sited in a commanding position above River Lynher to E, on and enclosing summit of hill called Cadson Bury Down near Callington. Very steep surrounding slopes to E, steep to S and W and moderate to steep to N where ridge. Rampart follows 94m contour. Dimensions c. 255m N-S by 145m E-W, encloses 2.53ha. Bank rises to c. 4.5m high on its outside with outer ditch up to 1.5m wide and to 1.3m deep to the S, but this gives way to a berm on N half. Two well-preserved original inturned entrances to the SE and (possibly) NW. A staggered S breach may also be original and cut through by footpath. Chance find of a spindle whorl on SE slope. 'Cadsonbury' was first recorded in the 13th century, and its earliest depiction was on Martyn's map of 1748. It was described by D. and S. Lysons in 1814. Interior largely level and scrub covered. Well-preserved National Trust property. On 1st Ed. OS map (1882-83).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -482749  Y:  6530301  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.336607570335468  Latitude:  50.48273520681156  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  St Ives; St. Mellion

Monument Condition

Well-preserved National Trust property. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Scrub covered to SE and formerly ploughed and seeded. Wooded E slopes to river.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate, egg-shaped, contour hillfort sited in commanding position above River Lynher to E, on and enclosing summit of hill called Cadson Bury Down near Callington. Very steep surrounding slopes to E, steep to S and W and moderate to steep to N where ridge.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Steep sided hilltop which roughly follows the 91m contour

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Hill top

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  94.0m

Boundary

Parish boundary with St. Mellion 100m to E

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

'Cadsonbury' first recorded 1262. Earliest depiction on Martyn's map of 1748 and described by Lysons in 1814. On 1st Ed. OS map (1882-83). Historic Landscape Chacterisation Survey - Management Survey Lynher Valley, Cornwall County Council 2000.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1262):   'Cadsonbury' first recorded - no details.
1st Identified Map Depiction (1748):   Martyn's map.
Other (1814):   D. Lysons and S. Lysons description.
Other (2000):   Historic Landscape Chacterisation Survey - Management Survey Lynher Valley, Cornwall County Council.
Other (None):   OS map.

Interior Features

Chance find of an (undefined) spindle whorl on SE slope.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Chance find of an (undefined) spindle whorl on SE slope.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Two well-preserved original inturned entrances to SE and (possibly) NW. Staggered S breach may also be original.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   NW and S breach uncertain.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (South east):   None
2. In-turned (North west):   Possibly original entrance.
3. Over-lapping (South):   Staggered entrance possibly original and cut through by footpath.
4. In-turned (South east):   None

Enclosing Works

Rampart follows the 94m contour. Dimensions c. 255m N-S and 145m E-W. Bank rises to c. 4.5m high on its outside with an outer ditch up to 1.5m wide and to 1.3m deep to the S, but this gives way to a berm on N half.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.53ha.
Total:   2.53ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Berm on N half.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Anon 2000-2001. Note, Archaeology Alive: a review of work by the Cornwall Archaeological Unit, CAU, 9, 2000-2001, Cornwall County Council.

Lysons, D. and Lysons, S. 1814. Magna Britannia. Vol 3, Cornwall.

Page, W. ed. 1906. The Victoria History of the County of Cornwall, 1, London: James Street, 469.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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