Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0614 Castle Dore, Cornwall (Ruddon)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO48/49 (26690)

NMR:  SX 15 SW 1 (432238)

SM:  1006691

NGR:  SX10345482

X:  210340  Y:  54820  (OSGB36)

Summary

Small, multivallate, partial contour hillfort, located on prominent ridge overlooking at least two tributaries of River Fowey. Steep surrounding slopes to E and W, ridge to N and S moderate. Circular interior area enclosing 0.5ha. Defined by good inner rampart and ditch with further, mainly concentric, outer rampart and part-buried outer ditch, diverging from inner rampart only on E to form more complex entrance annex. Mapped as three banks in 1847, no trace of third now. Glacis construction of ramparts. Interior partially excavated 1936 and 1937 by C.A. Raleigh-Radford. More recent reinterpretation of results suggests site constructed 5th-4th centuries BC based on ceramics. Later phase followed period of abandonment when entrance remodelled c. 4th-3rd centuries BC. Interior with four-to six-post structures (c. 20) and roundhouse remains, defined by post- holes with complex building sequence and frequent replacements of structures over long time. Two oval structures,possibly Romano-British or later occupation, but pottery assemblage suggests abandonment before Roman period. Finds included South-Western Decorated pottery and cordoned wares, late Iron Age bead, amphorae, Iron Age imported glass bracelets and a glass bead. Finds relating to skirmish between Charles I and Earl of Essex 1644 when Parliamentarian forces retreated into earthworks and held position until dark. Site in Arthurian legend. Plough damage to interior, trees and scrub on banks. On 1st Ed. OS map (1881-82).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -519644  Y:  6509307  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.668042543106929  Latitude:  50.36258166327052  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  St Sampson; Tywardreath and Par

Monument Condition

Plough damage to interior, trees and scrub on banks. Mapped as three banks in 1847, no trace of third now.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Trees, scrub and pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Small, multivallate, partial contour hillfort, located on prominent ridge overlooking at least two tributaries of River Fowey. Steep surrounding slopes to E and W, ridge to N and S moderate.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Ridge

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  105.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

Interior partially excavated 1936 and 1937 by C.A. Raleigh-Radford. More recent reinterpretation of results suggests site constructed 5th-4th centuries BC based on ceramics. Later phase followed period of abandonment when entrance remodelled c. 4th-3rd centuries BC. Finds included middle Iron Age South-Western Decorated pottery, Glastonbury ware possibly to late Iron Age, late Iron Age bead and amphora, middle Iron Age imported glass bracelets and a glass bead. Two oval structures possibly Romano-British or later occupation, but pottery assemblage suggests abandonment before Roman period.

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Middle and late Iron Age finds.

Investigation History

First mentioned by William Worcester in 1470. Mapped by H. MacLauchlan as three banks in 1847, no trace of third now. On 1st Ed. OS map (1881-82). Excavated 1936 and 1937 by C.A. Raleigh-Radford.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1470):   First mentioned by William Worcester.
1st Identified Map Depiction (1847):   Mapped by H. MacLaughlan.
Other (None):   OS map.
Excavation (None):   Interior part-excavation by C.A. Raleigh-Radford.

Interior Features

Interior contained four-to six-post structures (c. 20) and roundhouse remains, defined by postholes indicating complex building sequence with frequent replacements of structures over a prolonged period. Two oval structures possibly Romano-British or later occupation, although pottery assemblage suggests abandonment before Roman period. South-Western decorated pottery and cordoned wares, late Iron Age bead and amphorae found. Iron Age imported glass bracelets and a glass bead.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

Interior contained c. 20 four- to six-post structures and round houses remains, defined by post holes indicating complex building sequence with frequent replacements of structures over a prolonged period. Two oval structures possibly Romano-British or later occupation, although pottery assemblage suggests abandonment before Roman period.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

South-Western Decorated pottery and cordoned wares, late Iron Age bead and amphora found. Iron Age imported glass bracelets and a glass bead.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

E entrance (inner and outer), the inner re-designed with inturn, roadway linking the two. Many modern gaps in circuit.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   One major gap, but also many modern gaps in circuit not defined.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Circular interior area has good inner rampart and ditch with further, mainly concentric, outer rampart and part-buried outer ditch, which diverge from inner rampart only on E to form more complex entrance annexe. Glacis construction of ramparts.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.5ha.
Total:   0.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   Phased construction now re-interpretation of earlier results, suggesting site constructed 5th - 4th centuries BC based on ceramics. Later phase followed period of abandonment when entrance remodelled c. 4th-3rd centuries BC. Whether earlier univallate or bivallate uncertain.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Glacis construction of ramparts.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Fitzpatrick, A.P. 1985. The Iron Age bracelets from Castle Dore, Cornish Archaeol, 24, 133-140.

Henderson, J. 1985. The glass from Castle Dore: archaeological and chemical significance, Cornish Archaeol, 24, 141-47.

Quinell, H. 1986. Cornwall during the Iron Age and the Roman period, Cornish Archaeol, 25, 111-34.

Quinnell, H. and Harris, D. 1985. Castle Dore; the chronology reconsidered, Cornish Archaeol, 24, 123-132.

Rahtz, P. 1971. Castle Dore - a reappraisal of the post-Roman structures, Cornish Archaeol, 10, 49-54.

Ralegh Radford, C.A. 1951. Report on the excavations at Castle Dore, J Royal Inst Cornwall, 1, 1-11.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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