Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN3579 Abbotsbury Castle, Dorset

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dorset MDO24197 (None)

NMR:  SY 58 NE 36 (450349)

SM:  1002710

NGR:  SY55588657

X:  355591  Y:  86561  (OSGB36)

Summary

Commanding and mainly bivallate contour hillfort located on end of slight spur on the ridge of Wears Hill on Upper Greensand sandstones overlooking Chesil Beach and Portland. Developed from an earlier univallate hillfort. Moderate to strong surrounding slopes to N, E and W, strong generally to S, but less on SE. Commands extensive views and access along South Dorset Ridgeway. Triangular shape enclosing c. 4ha. Unusual shape governed by topography. Two ramparts, following the contours, with medial ditch. Probably phased construction. SE end strengthened by two additional banks with outer ditches, inner possibly original end of univallate enclosure, later superceded by new bank, obliterating ditch and with two new ditches. At SW, SE and, to lesser extent, N internal corners addition of internal mounds/enlargement of ramparts - unclear as to use. SW one suggested by RCHME (1952) as Roman signal post, but small excavation at the SW end 1974-75 found this not to be the case (Beavis 1974; 1976). Formerly complex, possibly inturned, entrance through banks on E approached by clear sloping passage. Probably disturbed by road and access into site. Number of circular hollows/platforms (at least ten) in interior thought to be roundhouse sites. Possible barrow shows as mound. Pasture and scrub/bracken interior, scrub on banks. Fair condition. South West Coast Path along S border of site. On 1st Ed. OS map (1889). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -292760  Y:  6564346  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.629907659599981  Latitude:  50.676939919256874  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dorset

Historic County:  Dorset

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Abbotsbury; Puncknowle

Monument Condition

Fair condition despite some public access erosion.South West Coast Path along S border of site. Later wall NS across W end from entrance later parish boundary, wall, now much tumbled, cuts through S top rampart. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Pasture and scrub/bracken interior, scrub on banks. SSSI.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Commanding and mainly bivallate contour hillfort located on end of slight spur on the ridge of Wears Hill on Upper Greensand sandstones overlooking Chesil Beach and Portland. Developed from an earlier univallate hillfort. Moderate to strong surrounding slopes to N, E and W, strong generally to S, but less on SE. Commands extensive views and access along South Dorset Ridgeway. Plateau area c. 20m lower than hillfort around N and S sides, which fort overlooks. Slightly sloping to N. Unusual shape governed by topography.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur on ridge

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  213.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Interior has a fine barrow with ditch.
Post Hillfort:   Possible Roman and medieval activity, though Roman signal theory of small corner mound discounted by excavation.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1889). Excavation at SW end by J. Beavis, Bournemouuth University. Visited by Hillfort Study Group 1966, 2016.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1889):   OS map.
Other (1966):   Visit by the Hillfort Study Group
Other (2016):   Visit by the Hillfort Study Group
Excavation (None):   J. Beavis, Bournemouuth University.

Interior Features

Number of circular hollows/hut platforms in interior (at least ten) and especially in SE, c. 6m-7m diameter.

Water Source

Wet patches in interior.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Number of circular hollows/hut platforms in interior (at least ten) and especially in SE, c. 6m-7m diameter.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

SW corner mound investigated.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Formerly complex, possibly inturned, entrance through banks on E approached by clear sloping passage. Probably disturbed by road and now entrance into site. Gaps on N and W modern.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Gaps on N and W modern.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (East):   Possibly inturned passageway.
1. Passage-way/Corridor (East):   Clear sloping passage from road. Probably disturbed and now modern access into site.

Enclosing Works

Defended by two ramparts, following the contours, with medial ditch. At SE end strengthened by two additional banks with outer ditches, inner possibly original end of univallate enclosure, later superceded by new bank, obliterating ditch and with two new ditches. At SW, SE and, to lesser extent, N corners addition of internal mounds/enlargement of ramparts - unclear as to use. W one suggested by RCHME (1952) as Roman signal post, but small excavation at the SW end 1974-75 found this not to be the case (Beavis 1974; 1976).

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   4.0ha.
Total:   4.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   Possibly phased, based on morphology of SE sector where ditch possibly part-filled with inner bank material. First phase possibly single bank and ditch enclosure.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Four banks at SE end where topography levels out.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   4
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   4

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

At W, SE and, to lesser extent, N corners addition of internal mounds/enlargement of ramparts - unclear as to use.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

SW corner mound suggested by RCHME (1952) as Roman signal post, but small excavation at the SW end 1974-75 found this not to be the case (Beavis 1974; 1976).

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Medial ditch except at SE end where four banks with outer ditches.

Number of Ditches:  4

Annex:
✗   None

References

Beavis, J. 1974. Excavations at Abbotsbury Castle, Proc Dorset Natur Hist Archaeol Soc, 96, 56.

Beavis, J. 1976. Interim note on excavations at Abbotsbury Castle hillfort, Proc Dorset Natur Hist Archaeol Soc, 97, 51.

Gale, J. 2003. Prehistoric Dorset, Stroud: Tempus Publishing.

RCHME 1952. An inventory of the historical monuments in Dorset, Vol 1, West Dorset, 10, No 31, London: RCHM.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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