Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

IOM3222 Chapel Hill, Balladoole, Rushen (Keill Vael)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Isle of Man No record found (None)

NMR:  SC26NW 6 (300600)

SM:  None

NGR:  SC24656810

X:  224650  Y:  468100  (OSGB36)

Summary

Contour hillfort located on prominent, but low, SW-facing promontory above the coast and sea on E shore of Bay ny Carrickey on S of island. Commanding position overlooking sea despite moderate surrounding slopes. Oval shape. Rampart of much stone surrounds the site, now to c. 1.4m high and 1m wide. There may be an outer ditch on NW and WSW. Bank encloses an area of much Iron Age occupation deposits, including many postholes. Out-turned entrance on W side c. 6m wide, with another possibly on NE and SE, but uncertain. Within the interior of the fort excavations by Bersu 1945 found Mesolithic and Neolithic occupation material and, possibly Bronze Age, cremations and inhumations, with stone-lined cist-grave, but no capstone or mound. There are probable barrows on the hill. Cemetery of Christian lintel graves, possibly associated with, now missing, pre-Norse keeill, was deliberately overlain by Viking ship burial on W of site. Keeill of c. 10th-11th century on E side in possible enclosure. Clearly an important ritual site for millennia. Managed grassland. Rampart degraded, but well-preserved. Under state guardianship. On 1st Ed. OS map (1868-78).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -521189  Y:  7185111  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.681921536704436  Latitude:  54.07888939720029  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Isle of Man

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Rushen

Historic County:  Rushen

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Arbory

Monument Condition

Rampart degraded, but well-preserved. Under Manx National Heritage guardianship.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Managed grassland.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✓
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Contour hillfort located on prominent, but low, SW-facing promontory above the coast and sea on E shore of Bay ny Carrickey on S of island. Commanding position overlooking sea despite moderate surrounding slopes.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Low hill

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  50.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Probably Iron Age, but no dating evidence for fort as such.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✓
Post AD800   ✓
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1868-78). Antiquarian investigations 1918. Excavation G. Bersu 1945.

Investigations:
Other (1918):   Antiquarian investigations.
Excavation (1945):   G. Bersu.
Other (1995):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
Other (2015):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS map.

Interior Features

Bank encloses an area of much Iron Age occupation deposits, including many postholes, but no clear plan of structures, which no doubt existed.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

No clear plan or detail of Iron Age hillfort structures, which no doubt existed.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

Bank encloses an area of much Iron Age occupation deposits, including many postholes.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

Geophysics of keeill.

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Neolithic polished axe head. Many Viking grave goods.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✓
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✓
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✓
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Out-turned entrance on W side c. 6m wide, with others possibly on NE and SE, but uncertain.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Gaps on NE and SE uncertain.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Out-turned (West):   None
2. Simple Gap (North east):   Uncertain.
3. Simple Gap (South east):   Uncertain.

Enclosing Works

Rampart of much stone surrounds the site, now to c. 1.4m high and 1m wide. There may be an outer ditch on NW and WSW.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   Noneha.
Total:   Noneha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Rampart contains much stone.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

Limited information.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   There may be an outer ditch on NW and WSW.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Bersu, G. and Wilson, D.M. 1966. Three Viking graves in the Isle of Man, Society for Medieval Archaeology, Monograph 1, London: Society for Medieval Archaeology.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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