Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

IR0728 Tinoran, Wicklow

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Archaeological Survey of Ireland SMR Database WI026-004 (None)

NMR:  WI 026 (None)

SM:  None

NGR:  None

X:  685167  Y:  690577  (IRENET95)

Summary

Multiple enclosure in commanding position surrounding domed summit of Tinoran Hill. Tinoran hillfort is the second largest hillfort in Ireland with a total site footprint of approximately 84ha. It is one of nine hillforts comprising the Baltinglass hillfort cluster. Tinoran can be translated as Çhouse of Odhr_n'. It comprises up to four widely spaced enclosing elements and a central enclosure placed at its summit. These do not form complete circuits, but it is likely that they once did. There are no recorded entrance features. A single hut structure is located within the hillfort and a large ring-barrow abuts the outer enclosing element. Ramparts have been heavily disturbed by a commercial forestry plantation which covers most of this large hillfort. First map identification in second edition Ordnance Survey mapping. Monument survey by Condit in 1992 and 1998. Monument survey by Grogan and Kilfeather in 1997. LiDAR survey the OSI.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -749446  Y:  6975455  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.732386867379433  Latitude:  52.95920051016891  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Republic of Ireland; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wicklow

Historic County:  Wicklow

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Tinoran

Monument Condition

Much of the hillfort is under commercial forestry plantation and has been severely affected by the planting, harvesting and replanting of this these trees.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Multiple enclosure in commanding position surrounding domed summit of Tinoran Hill. This summit is located on the N edge of a N - S running hill ridge overlooking the River Slaney immediately to the E. Tinoran is one of nine hillforts comprising the Baltinglass hillfort cluster.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Tinoran Hill.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  312.0m

Boundary

The center of the hillfort is bisected by the boundary between the townlands of Tinoran Hill North and Tinoran Hill South.

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

No dating evidence.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First map identification in second edition Ordnance Survey mapping. Monument survey by Condit in 1992 and 1998. Monument survey by Grogan and Kilfeather in 1997. LiDAR by OSI

Investigations:
Other (1902):   Monument survey by Condit.
Other (1906):   Second edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch mapping.
Other (1997):   Monument survey by Grogan and Kilfeather.
Other (1998):   Monument survey by Condit.
LiDAR Survey (None):   OSI.

Interior Features

Immediately outside the second inner enclosing element is a D-shaped hut structure (Grogan and Kilfeather 1997, 43). A large ring-barrow abuts the outer enclosure to the east (Grogan and Kilfeather 1997, 43).

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

single D-shaped hut structure

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

No obvious entrance features recorded.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

At the summit of the hillfort is an enclosure comprising an earthen bank 2.2m in average width and 0.9 _ 1.2m in height. The exterior face is stone revetted. There is a ditch immediately outside this bank 1.6m wide and 0.8m deep and is best preserved to the SSW. These features enclose an area of 0.062ha. This is probably an Early Medieval ringfort and is probably not contemporary with the hillfort. The inner enclosing element of the hillfort is oval in shape and surrounds an area of 4.67ha. The second enclosing element is located 65_127m outside of the first enclosure. The southern half of this enclosure has been incorporated into a field wall which is largely responsible for its survival. It occupies an area of 14.46ha. The partial remains of a third enclosing element has been identified through aerial photography (Condit 1998, 15). The southern half of this enclosure survives as a low-rise bank feature on agricultural land rather than forestry. When projected, the enclosure occupies an area of 55.74ha. LiDAR has identified a possible fourth enclosure, approximately 90m from the outside the former example. This is best preserved at the south where it survives as a low-rise bank 11.6m in maximum width. When projected, this bank may enclose an area of 84.03ha.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   4.67ha.
Area 2:   14.46ha.
Area 3:   55.74ha.
Area 4:   84ha.
Total:   84.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  84.03ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   The enclosing elements have been heavily affected by commercial forestry plantation and agricultural practices and are likely to have formed complete circuits.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   5
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   5

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Exterior ditch associated with the inner enclosing element.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None.

References

Condit, T. 1992. Ireland's hillfort capital: Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow. Archaeology Ireland, 6 (3), 16-20.

Condit, T. 1998. Observations of the Baltinglass hillfort complex. Wicklow: Archaeology and History, 1, 9-25.

Grogan, E. and Kilfeather, A. 1997. Archaeological Inventory of County Wicklow. The Stationary Office, Dublin.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1