Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

IR1086 Knowth, Meath

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Archaeological Survey of Ireland SMR Database ME019-038 (None)

NMR:  ME 019 (None)

SM:  None

NGR:  None

X:  699495  Y:  772928  (IRENET95)

Summary

What may be a circular inland promontory fort with a total site footprint of approximately 1ha positioned at the edge of a steep slope formed by the Boyne River to the W. The remainder of the fort is defined by a bank, external ditch and counterscarp bank, though these are now apparent only in the N. Excellent views of the Boyne River valley from the interior. The fort is positioned near the famous Boyne Valley passage tombs of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth and is overlooked by the former two. Univallate with a counterscarp bank on the N, the site has one recorded entrance. This comprises a simple break in the enclosing elements on the ENE. No evidence for any internal features on the surface. Interior under pasture and tree cover at SW and W. Ramparts survive well at N but have been partially truncated by a later field system at E and S. First map depiction in first edition Ordnance Survey mapping. More detailed earthwork survey in second edition Ordnance Survey maps. Survey by O'Kelly (1978). Site survey by Sweetman (1987). LiDAR survey by Davis et al. (2010).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -722837  Y:  7112898  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.493357512228917  Latitude:  53.69656867591975  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Republic of Ireland; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Meath

Historic County:  Meath

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Knowth

Monument Condition

Partially truncated by later field systems.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Inland promontory fort positioned at the edge of a steep slope formed by the Boyne River to the W. The remainder of the fort is defined by a bank, external ditch and counterscarp bank apparent only in the N. Excellent views of the Boyne River valley from the interior. The fort is positioned near the famous Boyne Valley passage tombs of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth and is overlooked by the former two.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Promontory.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  42.0m

Boundary

The S section of the enclosing elements form the townland boundary of Knowth and Newgrange.

Boundary Type:  None


Dating Evidence

None, but possibly an early medieval ringfort.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First map depiction in first edition Ordnance Survey mapping. More detailed earthwork survey in second edition Ordnance Survey maps. Survey by O'Kelly (1978). Site survey by Sweetman (1987). LiDAR survey by Davis et al. (2010).

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1842):   First edition 6 inch Ordnance Survey mapping.
Earthwork Survey (1906):   Second edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch mapping.
Other (1978):   Site survey by O'Kelly.
Other (1987):   Site survey by Sweetman.
LiDAR Survey (2010):   LiDAR survey by Davis et al.

Interior Features

No evidence for any internal features on the surface.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

O'Kelly (1978, 62) recorded a simple entrance gap in the enclosing elements at the ENE which comprised a break through the bank and causeway over the ditch.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Circular area defined by an internal bank and external ditch, with a external counterscarp at the N recorded in the second edition Ordnance Survey maps. The ditch and external scarp have been truncated by a later field boundary at the E, S and W. A steep slope at the W edge of the site is formed by the River Boyne.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.36ha.
Total:   0.36ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.96ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Counterscarp apparent at N.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   External ditch.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None.

References

Davis, S., Megarry, W., Brady, C., Lewis, H., Cummins, T., Guinan, L., Turner, J., Gallagher, C., Brown, T. and Meehan, R. 2010. Boyne Valley Landscapes Project: Phase III Summary Report. Irish National Strategic Archaeological Research (INSTAR) Programme 2010.

O'Kelly, M. 1978. Illustrated Guide to Newgrange and the other Boyne Monuments (3rd ed). Cork.

Sweetman, D. 1987. Archaeological Inventory of County Meath. The Stationary Office, Dublin.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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