Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

IR3059 Clenagh, Clare (Knockadoon Fort)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Archaeological Survey of Ireland SMR Database CL051-045 (None)

NMR:  CL 051 (None)

SM:  None

NGR:  None

X:  535985  Y:  664747  (IRENET95)

Summary

Located 5km to the W of Newmarket-on-Fergus, oval contour fort of approximately 0.8ha is positioned strategically on the domed summit of a drumlin with extensive views overlooking the Fergus estury to the N and W and low-lying terrain to the E and S; Clenagh Creek lies to the immediate N. The fort is extant and comprises a substantial bank, external ditch and counterscarp bank, which are well-preserved on the NE and E. The outer bank has been incorporated into a modern field system and has been altered, particularly at the S and W and NE. A low linear bank was identified by topographical survey within the interior. No other obvious surface features are apparent. There is a simple gap on the NE. The interior is under pasture and the enclosing elements are covered in gorse and bracken. Excavation by Grogan found no artefacts or features that could date the site and no datable features. Some possible post- and stake-holes were identified in the interior, although this area was heavily disturbed. First depicted in the first edition Ordnance Survey maps as a circular enclosure with a thick bank. A more detailed earthwork survey was undertaken during the completion of the second edition Ordnance Survey mapping program. Westropp (1913, 65) surveyed and described the monument in 1913. Grogan undertook topographical and resistance surveys prior to excavating the site in 1994.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -996062  Y:  6933214  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -8.947776639130886  Latitude:  52.73002074198517  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Republic of Ireland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Clare

Historic County:  Clare

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Clenagh

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Oval contour fort positioned at the summit of a drumlin top. The site is strategically positioned with extensive views of the Fergus estuary to the N and W and low-lying terrain to the E and S.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Drumlin.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  40.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Grogans excavations of the hilltop enclosure at Clenagh, Co. Clare did not produce any construction dates or artefacts that could date the occupation of the monument. Two radiocarbon dates from the upper levels of the ditch produced dates ranging 405 - 561 AD, suggesting a pre Early Medieval date for construction and occupation.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
C14:   Unreliable due to the context of the dates themselves.

Investigation History

First depicted in the first edition Ordnance Survey maps as a circular enclosure with a thick bank. A more detailed earthwork survey was undertaken during the completion of the second edition Ordnance Survey mapping program. Westropp (1913, 65) surveyed and described the monument in 1913. Grogan undertook topographical and resistance surveys prior to excavating the site in 1994.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1842):   First edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch mapping.
Earthwork Survey (1906):   Second edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch mapping.
Other (1913):   Survey and description by Westropp.
Earthwork Survey (1994):   Topographical survey by Grogan (2005)
Geophysical Survey (1994):   Geophysical survey by Grogan (2005)
Excavation (1994):   Excavation by Grogan (2005).

Interior Features

A linear field bank is apparent in a topographical survey undertaken by Grogan (2005, 248). Upon excavation, some possible post- and stake-holes were identified in the interior, although this area was heavily disturbed.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

Unknown

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✓

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Simple break in the enclosing elements at the NE is likely to be original. Depicted in second edition Ordnance Survey maps.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None

Enclosing Works

A substantial bank, U-shaped ditch and conterscarp bank defines this oval contour fort. The ditch is on average 5m wide and 1.5m-1.8m deep below the top of the inner bank (Grogan 2005, 251). The width of the bank varies from 1.5m to 3.8m and the height ranges from 0.5m to 0.8m (Grogan 2005, 251). A contiguous line of boulders at the outer face of the bank may have formed a revetment. The site has a total footprint of approximately 0.8ha.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.43ha.
Total:   0.43ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.84ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Internal bank with an external ditch and counterscarp.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

Earthen bank with possible external boulder revetment. U-shaped ditch.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✓

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   External ditch and counterscarp bank.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None. There is a possible Early Medieval ringfort approximately 40m to the south of the contour fort.

References

Westropp, T. 1913. Types of ring-forts remaining in eastern Clare (Clonlara, Broadford, Cullaun, and Clooney). Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 32 C, 58 - 77.

Grogan, E. 2005. The North Munster Project Vol. 1: The Later Prehistoric Landscape of South-East Clare. Wordwell, Dublin.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1