Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC0122 Kemp's Walk, Meikle Larbrax, Wigtownshire (Kemp's Wark)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG482 (None)

NMR:  NW 95 NE 1 (60312)

SM:  1992

NGR:  NW 9754 5983

X:  197540  Y:  559830  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated on a promontory on a degraded coastal escarpment set back from the beach in Larbrax Bay. Its defences comprise up to three ramparts and ditches, which cut across the neck of the promontory on the NNE immediately NW of the entrance; SE of the entrance, however, only two ramparts with a medial ditch can be seen, while extending along the SE flank of the promontory these reduce to only a single rampart forming little more than a scarp above a broad level terrace cut into the slope. The interior measures 83m from NE to SW by 44m transversely, but apart from traces of rig and furrow it is featureless.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -574249  Y:  7340954  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.158566722753074  Latitude:  54.8921052807877  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Wigtownshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Leswalt

Monument Condition

While in relatively good condition, the outer ramparts have been damaged by cultivation, and there are traces of rig crossing the interior

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Bracken clothes the sides of the promontory and there are scattered gorse bushes on the ramparts

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A large promontory on the coastal escarpment overlooking the beach in Larbrax Bay

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  40.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Rig and furrow of probable post-medieval date in the interior

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Depicted on Roy's map, it was also annotated by John Ainslie in 1782 on his Map of the county of Wigton, and appears on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map; a more detailed plan of the fort was drawn up by in 1911 by Fred MacGibbon for RCAHMS. It was revisited by RCAHMS in 1953 and again in 1985, and was re-surveyed by the OS at 1:2500 in 1968. It was Scheduled in 1939. Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1982

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1755):   Annotated Kemps Graves on Roy's Map 1747-55
Earthwork Survey (1848):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Wigtownshire 1849, sheet 15),
Earthwork Survey (1911):   Description (RCAHMS 1912, 68-9, No.174)
Other (1939):   Scheduled
Other (1953):   Description for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands
Other (1968):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1985):   Description by RCAHMS
Other (2014):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None

Enclosing Works

Up to three earthen ramparts with external ditches

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.37ha.
Total:   0.37ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.57ha.

Ramparts

Up to three earthen ramparts with external ditches

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1912) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Fourth report and inventory of monuments and constructions in Galloway, 1, county of Wigtown, Edinburgh

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland, London, Page(s): 161



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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