Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC0239 Parliament Knowe, Kirkcudbrightshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG3146 (None)

NMR:  NX 46 NW 9 (63516)

SM:  None

NGR:  NX 4282 6610

X:  242820  Y:  566100  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fortification occupies a rocky hillock at the top of the slope dropping down E into a shallow valley. Roughly circular on plan, it measures about 28m in diameter within a stony rampart which extends round the margin of the hillock. A steep scarp drops down some 3m below this rampart everywhere except the E, and at its foot around the southern and western quarters, from the SE round to the NNW, there is a shallow ditch about 4m broad with a bank of rubble along its counterscarp. The position of the entrance is not known though it may be indicated either by a row of stones observed by RCAHMS investigators in 1911 returning around the terminal of the ditch on the NNW, or the traces a trackway they noted climbing the slope on the E (RCAHMS 1914, 182, no. 339). The interior of the fort, which rises to a low summit within the line of the rampart. has been mutilated by quarrying.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -496123  Y:  7355017  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.45675245426095  Latitude:  54.964695922924  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Kirkcudbrightshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Minnigaff

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Clearing in plantation

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  60.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Shown and named in 1849 on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1851, sheet 35), Frederick Coles observed little trace of this enclosure about 1892 (1893, 165-6) and the RCAHMS description of 1911 for the County Inventory of Kirkcudbrightshire makes no mention of the quarrying within the interior, though the 25-inch map drawn up in 1894 (Kirkcudbrightshire 1895, sheet 32.14) employs a stoney symbol throughout the interior. The OS resurveyed at 1:2500 in 1966, by which time it lay in a thick conifer plantation.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1849):   Named on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1851, sheet 35)
Other (1892):   Visited by Frederick Coles (1893, 165-6)
Other (1894):   25-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1895, sheet 32.14)
Other (1911):   Description (RCAHMS 1914, 182, no. 339)
Other (1966):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None known

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Inner rampart with outer ditch and counterscarp rampart

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.06ha.
Total:   0.06ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Too overgrown in clearing to estimate. Measurement as noted in 1911

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Coles F R (1893) 'The Motes, Forts, and Doons in the East and West Divisions of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright.' Proc Soc Antiq Scot 27, 92-182).

Feachem, R W (1955) 'Iron Age and early medieval monuments in Galloway and Dumfriesshire'. Trans Dumfriesshire Galloway Natur Hist Antiq Soc, 3 ser, 33 (1954-5), 58-65

Morton, A S (1938) 'Kirroughtree', Trans Dumfriesshire Galloway Natur Hist Antiq Soc 3 ser, 20, 178

RCAHMS (1914) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Fifth report and inventory of monuments and constructions in Galloway, II, county of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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