Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC0310 Castlehill Point, West Barcloy, Kirkcudbrightshire (Castle Point)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG4464 (None)

NMR:  NX 85 SE 1 (64891)

SM:  1062

NGR:  NX 8541 5242

X:  285410  Y:  552420  (OSGB36)

Summary

This promontory work is situated on the E of the mouth of the Rough Firth, where the Urr Water flows into the sea. The ground rises into the promontory from the NW and the defences comprise two elements: an inner wall drawn across the top of the promontory, with its ends resting on the cliff-edge to either side; and an outer ditch with an external rampart set towards the foot of the slope. The inner wall probably measures at least 3m in thickness and a long run of the outer face, composed of coursed blocks with pinnings, can be seen standing about 1m in height. Lying some 17m down the rubble strewn slope, the rock-cut ditch measures about 6m in breadth by 1.8m in depth and has a thick external rampart of upcast. A central gap in the rampart on the NW leads up the slope via a causeway across the ditch to an entrance through the inner wall; measuring 2m wide, the alignment of the faces preserved to either side of the entrance passage show that it faces NNW rather than directly NW onto the causeway across the ditch. Set so far apart, it is quite likely that the two lines represent separate schemes for defence, the outer enclosing an area measuring a maximum of 58m from NE to SW by 55m transversely (0.19ha), and the inner an area on the summit 42m by 25m (0.1ha). Sherds from the fort held in the Dumfries Museum have been claimed to be of early medieval date (Feachem 1963, 129).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -421506  Y:  7333473  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.7864543836511158  Latitude:  54.85343833896437  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Kirkcudbrightshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Colvend And Southwick

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  20.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

No modern review of the pottery

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Pottery said to be early medieval identified by Charles Thomas in the Dumfries Museum

Investigation History

Merely named Castle point on Roy's map (1747-55), it is depicted in 1797 and annotated 'Old Fort' on John Ainslie's map of The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright (1797). Depicted in greater detail in 1848-51 on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1854, sheet 52), it was sketch-planned and described by Frederick Coles about 1892 (1893, 92-3, fig 1), and surveyed by the OS at 25-inch in 1894 (Kirkcudbrightshire 1894, sheet 50.16). It was described in 1911 for the County Inventory of The Stewartry (RCAHMS 1914, 70, no. 118), and revisited by RCAHMS in 1951. The OS re-surveyed at 1:2500 in 1969, and In 1996 the site was surveyed and evaluated for coastal erosion (Toolis 2003, 59).

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1797):   John Ainslie's map of The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright (1797)
Other (1851):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1854, sheet 52)
Earthwork Survey (1892):   Sketch-plan and description (Coles 1893, 92-3, fig 1)
Other (1911):   Description (RCAHMS 1914, 70, no. 118)
Other (1938):   Scheduled
Other (1951):   Description during RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands
Other (1969):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1996):   Coastal erosion survey (Toolis 2003, 59)

Interior Features

No discernible features

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Inner wall with outer ditch and external rampart drawn across the promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.1ha.
Total:   0.1ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.34ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Probably multiperiod

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Coles, F R (1893) 'The motes, forts, and doons in the east and west divisions of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright', Proc Soc Antiq Scot 27, 92-182

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland, London

RCAHMS (1914) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Fifth report and inventory of monuments and constructions in Galloway, II, county of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, Edinburgh.

Toolis, R (2003) 'A study of the promontory forts of the north Solway coast'. Trans Dumfriesshire Galloway natur Hist Antiq Soc 3 Ser, 77, 37-78



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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