Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC0345 Springfield Hill, Dumfriesshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG5560 (None)

NMR:  NX 88 SE 1 (65116)

SM:  662

NGR:  NX 8944 8431

X:  289440  Y:  584310  (OSGB36)

Summary

Situated on a commanding hilltop, this oval fort measures internally 78m from NW to SE by 44m transversely (0.28ha) and is enclosed on all sides except the steep SW flank by a rampart standing up to 1.5m high internally and 3m above the bottom of an external ditch. The entrance is on the E, close to the SE end and seems to have been protected with outworks, though these survive only on the SW side of the gap, Comprising two ramparts standing up to 3m above the bottoms of external ditches, these loop out from the point where the ditch accompanying the innermost rampart seems to peter out on the steep SW flank of the hill. Within the interior there traces of a palisade trench placed eccentrically within the inner rampart to enclose an area measuring about 65m from NW to SE by 35m transversely. Apart from traces of the larch plantation with which the fort was planted in the 19th century, the interior is otherwise featureless.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -415894  Y:  7389238  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.7360389877486706  Latitude:  55.14078913512098  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Dumfriesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Dunscore

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Was under trees during the 19th century

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  196.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   A bronze flanged axe and a spearhead have been found on separate occasions either within or close to the fort
Post Hillfort:   Planted with trees during the 19th century

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First noted about 1835 by the minster of Dunscore, at which time it was newly planted with larch saplings (NSA, 4, Dumfriesshire, 339), the fort was depicted about 1855 on the OS 25-inch map (Dumfriesshire 1861, sheet 40.15) and visited in 1913 by Alexander Curle during the preparation of the County Inventory for Dumfriesshire (RCAHMS 1920, 57, no.141). It was re-surveyed by the OS at 1:2500 in 1973, and photographed by the RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 2000, at which time the palisade trench was recognised within the interior.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1835):   Description (NSA, 4, Dumfriesshire, 339)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1855):   Annotated Camp in Roman type on the OS 25-inch map (Dumfriesshire 1861, sheet 40.15)
Other (1913):   Description (RCAHMS 1920, 57, no.141)
Other (1937):   Scheduled
Other (1973):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (2000):   Palisade recognised (RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme)

Interior Features

Featureless apart from the palisade trench, though possibly on account of having been a plantation.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

In 1909 and 1865 respectively a bronze flanged axe and Late Bronze Age spearhead are said to have been found in or near the fort.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Single rampart and ditch around most of the hilltop, and there are additional outworks around the entrance on the E

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.28ha.
Total:   0.28ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Overall footprint may be more extensive than the visible remains

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   one principal circuit with another two outer ditches at the entrance.

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

Coles, J M (1964) 'Scottish Middle Bronze Age metalwork'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 97, 82-156

Coles, J M (1960) 'Scottish Late Bronze Age Metalwork: Typology, Distribution and Chronology'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 93, 16-134

Corrie, J M (1926) 'Notice of (1) certain bronze implements from Dumfriesshire; and (2) a symbol stone from East Lomond Hill, Fife, recently presented to the National Museum', Proc Soc Antiq Scot 60, 27-34

NSA (1834-1845) The new statistical account of Scotland by the ministers of the respective parishes under the superintendence of a committee of the society for the benefit of the sons and daughters of the clergy, 15v Edinburgh

RCAHMS (1920) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Seventh report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the county of Dumfries, Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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