Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC1722 White Hill, Lanarkshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

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HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 10612 (None)

NMR:  NS 93 SE 11 (47527)

SM:  None

NGR:  NS 9981 3274

X:  299810  Y:  632740  (OSGB36)

Summary

A group of earthworks on the SW tip of a ridge known as White Hill, probably includes an element of fortification, but they are heavily ploughed down and it is now difficult to assess their original character. Investigators of RCAHMS surveyed the earthworks in 1970 (RCAHMS 1978, 155-6, no.325, fig 103), and concluded that they represented at least three periods of construction, the earliest of which was an oval enclosure on the highest part of the ridge, measuring at least 75m from NE to SW by 27m transversely (0.2ha) within a rampart largely reduced to an external scarp; this is accompanied on the NE by an outlying rampart with a ditch up to 7.6m in breadth, which cuts across the spine of the ridge and returns for a short distance along its flanks. The SW end has been attenuated by the construction of an oval enclosure, whose perimeter at this point has comprised two ramparts with external ditches, though it is the inner ditch which is principally visible, measuring 8.5m in breadth by 1,3m in depth; the interior measures about 58m from NE to SW by 30m transversely (0.16ha). The RCAHMS investigators took the view that as the ditches appeared relatively broad and shallow these were not a defended enclosures, but in view of their ridge top position, the way they use the topography, and the reduction of the perimeters by cultivation, both these phases are evidently fortified. It is only in the third phase of construction, with the insertion of a small circular enclosure some 21m in internal diameter into the SW end of the earlier ridge-top fortification, that the occupation is evidently non-defensive.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -399723  Y:  7474865  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.590776252671762  Latitude:  55.57801378686144  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  South Lanarkshire

Historic County:  Lanarkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Lamington And Wandel

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  250.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by what is probably a small undefended Iron Age settlement enclosure

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Noted in the Statistical Account (Stat Acct 6, 1793, 557n) and in the New Statistical Account (NSA, 6, Lanrkshire, 817), and depicted on William Forrest's map of The county of Lanark from Actual Survey (1816), it is shown in more detail on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Lanarkshire 1864, sheets 39.8 & 39.12). The earthworks were sketch-planned by David Christison in 1889 (Christison 1890, 308-9, fig 10), and eventually visited by RCAHMS in 1963 during the preparation of the County Inventory for Lanarkshire and subsequently planned in 1970 and revisited in 1975 (RCAHMS 1978, 155-6, no.325, fig 103). They were photographed from the air by CUCAP in 1967, 1969 and 1974. The OS visited in 1955 and resurveyed at 1:2500 in 1979.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1793):   Noted (Stat Acct 6, 1793, 557n)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1816):   William Forrest, The county of Lanark from Actual Survey (1816)
Other (1859):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Lanarkshire 1864, sheets 39.8 & 39.12)
Earthwork Survey (1889):   Sketch-plan and description by David Christison (1890, 308-9, fig 10)
Other (1955):   Visited by the OS
Other (1963):   Description by RCAHMS
Earthwork Survey (1970):   Plan (RCAHMS 1978, 155-6, no.325, fig 103; RCAHMS LAD 170/1-2)
Other (1975):   Plan and description reviewed (RCAHMS 1978, 155-6, no.325, fig 103)
Other (1979):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS

Interior Features

Featureless apart from the small circular enclosure

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Small probably Late Iron Age settlement enclosure

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Small probably Late Iron Age settlement enclosure

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   Heavily degraded all round the circuit

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None identified

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

There are essentially two successive fortifications, the larger of which is tabulated here

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.2ha.
Total:   0.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.5ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Defences obscured on the SW by the construction of the second fortification

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   The outwork on the NE is 10m in advance of the inner rampart, but this may be an elaboration of the depth of defences at an otherwise unidentified entrance rather than an annexe.

References

Christison, D (1890) 'Forts, camps, and motes of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 24 (1889-90), 281-352

RCAHMS (1978) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Lanarkshire: an inventory of the prehistoric and Roman monuments. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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