Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC1877 Islay, Dun Athad, Argyll

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 1903 (None)

NMR:  NR 24 SE 3 (37290)

SM:  13271

NGR:  NR 2849 4070

X:  128490  Y:  640700  (OSGB36)

Summary

One of the most spectacular promontory works in Scotland, Dun Athad is a narrow finger of land, which projects SW from the cliffs of the Oa and drops away almost sheer along both sides to the foreshore 105m below. The defences comprise a single thick wall 17.8m in length commanding the slope that drops into a narrow coll on the landward side; a well defined outer face can be traced, returning at either end, and though the line of the inner face is unknown the rubble core is spread about 5.8m in thickness, extending up to the rear wall of a large rectangular building set roughly E and W across the top of the promontory; in the course of a visit by the HFSG a piece of vitrified stone was identified in the wall core. The entrance was probably between the terminal of the wall and the NW margin of the promontory, where the modern path gains access to the roughly level interior on the top of the promontory. This measures about 90m from NE to SW by between 6m and 23m transversely (0.1ha), and while there are traces of structures at the NE end, it is mostly covered with cultivation rigs.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -702449  Y:  7476058  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.3102054132145255  Latitude:  55.58407117791461  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Argyll

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kildalton And Oa

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  105.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Conventional dating of this fortification places it in the post-medieval period, but the qualities of the site make it likely that it was fortified in earlier periods.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Possibly the 'great fortress called Dunaynt' in a topographical account preserved in Walter Macfarlanes Geographical Collections (1906, ii, 189), Dun Athad was named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1878, 239.10). It was visited by the Islay Survey Group about 1959 (Lamont 1959) and surveyed by RCAHMS in 1978 during the preparation of the County Inventory for Argyll (RCAHMS 1984, 264-5, no.401). It was Scheduled in 2013. It has been photographed from the air by CUCAP in 1975 and RCAHMS in 1983, 2005 and 2011.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1878):   Named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1878, 239.10)
Other (1959):   visited by the Islay Survey Group (Lamont 1959)
Earthwork Survey (1978):   Description and plan (RCAHMS 1984, 264-5, no.401; RCAHMS AGD 557/1; SC427395)
Other (2007):   Visited by the Hill-Fort Study Group
Other (2013):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Rectangular building and traces of several other structures behind the wall and rig elsewhere

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Position on the NW only inferred by the topography

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Single wall across promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.1ha.
Total:   0.1ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Single piece of vitrified stone found

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Lamont, W (1959) 'From the Islay Archaeological Survey Group', Disc Exc Scot 1959, 154

Macfarlane, W 1906 Geographical Collections Relating to Scotland, 1-3 (Mitchell, A ed), Edinburgh

RCAHMS (1984) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Argyll: an inventory of the monuments volume 5: Islay, Jura, Colonsay and Oronsay. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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