Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2642 North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire (Waulkmill; Bernie)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

Scroll left/right to view further images.

HER:  Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust MPK1353 (None)

NMR:  NN 91 NW 12 (26000)

SM:  7729

NGR:  NN 9282 1581

X:  292820  Y:  715810  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fortification is situated at an angle in the edge of a broad terrace that forms a spur of higher ground projecting SE into a meander of the Machany Water. The escarpment on the E is steep and evidently river cut, but on the S it presents a much gentler profile. Whether the artificial defences were originally drawn across this gentler slope is unknown, but elsewhere on the W and NW cropmarks have revealed two roughly concentric ditches about 4m in breadth swinging in a slightly angular arc across the terrace to rest on the lip of the escarpment on the E. The interior thus defined measures at least 60m from N to S by up to 40m transversely (0.25ha), perhaps extending to some 0.2 ha when allowance is made for the presence of upcast ramparts. The entrance, which was partly excavated in 1987 (Barclay and Tolan 1990), is marked by a clearly-defined causeway on the W. The excavation demonstrated that the inner ditch was some 2m deep, and located a number of post-holes along the lips of both ditches, which were interpreted as the remains of associated fences. Trial excavation in the interior revealed a scatter of post-holes and an arc of the foundation trench of a timber round-house. Charcoal from a burnt oak post in the interior returned a radiocarbon date of 390-110 cal BC, but charcoal recovered from a rectangular stone floor in the upper fill of the inner ditch was dated to 1740-1320 cal BC. While the excavator opted to interpret this as evidence that the enclosure is Bronze Age, the taphonomy of this latter sample is unclear, and in the present state of knowledge the later Iron Age date is probably to be preferred for the use of the fortifications.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -415739  Y:  7622900  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.734644197861544  Latitude:  56.32256850923812  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Perth & Kinross

Historic County:  Perthshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Blackford

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  30.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Two radiocarbon dates of which one from the ditch fill is MBA and the other from the interior is LIA; the latter is to be preferred

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
C14:   Two dates

Investigation History

Also photographed on several occasions by RCAHMS aerial survey programme

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1960):   Discovered by CUCAP
1st Identified Map Depiction (1967):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Excavation (1987):   Excavation Barclay and Tolan (Barclay 1987; Barclay and Tolan 1990)
Other (2000):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless on cropmarks

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Ploughed flat

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (West):   None

Enclosing Works

Two ditches, presumably with upcast ramparts, effectively cutting off a promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.2ha.
Total:   0.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

Twin ditches

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Barclay and Tolan, G J and M (1990) 'Trial excavation of a terrace-edge enclosure at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 120 (1990), 45-53

Barclay, G J (1987) 'North Mains, Strathallan (Blackford parish) fort'. Disc Exc Scot (1987), 58-9



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1