Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2822 Cnoc An Ratha, Caithness (Shurrery)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Highland HER MHG785 (None)

NMR:  ND 05 NE 2 (7634)

SM:  542

NGR:  ND 0526 5775

X:  305263  Y:  957750  (OSGB36)

Summary

This hilltop enclosure is situated at the NE end of a low ridge that rises from the foot of the N flank of Ben Shurrery. Unfortunately it was deep-ploughed and afforested in the 1970s, though that crop of trees has now been felled and a management agreement has been put in place to maintain the site in a clearing. It has been planned on two occasions, once in 1910 (RCAHMS 1911, 96-7, no.355, fig 19) and again in 1955 (RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands), revealing an irregularly shaped enclosure measuring about 90m from NE to SW by 70m transversely within a ruined stone wall. Prior to afforestation long stretches of the outer face were visible, particularly where it cut back across the crest of the ridge on the SW, together with occasional runs of the inner face, indicating an original thickness of about 2.4m. The stump of an upright stone set transversely within the body of the wall on the NE probably marks the position of an entrance. The only feature visible within the interior is a small circular hut of unknown date near the W angle, while on the SE, near the S corner, a hut-circle overlies the perimeter; it measures about 9m in internal diameter and its interior has been dug up to 2m into the slope at the foot of the fort wall.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -403769  Y:  8072603  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.6271216578758976  Latitude:  58.497698733860325  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Highland

Historic County:  Caithness

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Reay

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Ploughed and planted but since felled

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  129.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Small circular hut

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1872):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch Map (Caithness 1877, sheet 16.8)
Earthwork Survey (1910):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1911, 96-7, no.355, fig 19)
Other (1934):   Scheduled
Earthwork Survey (1955):   Plan and description RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (RCAHMS CAD 2/1-3; Feachem 1963, 114)
Other (1962):   Visited by the OS
Other (1975):   Found afforested by Ian Ralston (1975)
Other (1981):   Revised at 1:10,000 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1982):   Plan of hut-circle by R J Mercer (1985,108; RCAHMS DC741)
Other (1991):   Richard Hingley visits with a view to having the trees removed
Other (2004):   Forestry management plan put in place following site meetings in 1999 to see fort kept cleared of trees (see Highland HER)

Interior Features

Circular hut

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

The small circular hut is likely to be of later date

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Heavily mutilated all round the circuit

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None

Enclosing Works

Single wall

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.75ha.
Total:   0.75ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland. Batsford: London

Mercer, R J (1985) Archaeological Field Survey in Northern Scotland Volume III 1982-1983. University of Edinburgh, Department of Archaeology, Occasional Paper No. 11. Edinburgh

Ralston, I (1975) Reay, Cnoc an Ratha, hillfort'. Disc Exc Scot (1975), 18

RCAHMS (1911) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Third report and inventory of monuments and constructions in the county of Caithness. HMSO, London



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1