Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2946 Davie's Castle, Banffshire (Findochty)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Moray per Aberdeenshire Council NJ46SE0002 (None)

NMR:  NJ 46 SE 2 (17421)

SM:  11042

NGR:  NJ 4983 6436

X:  349830  Y:  864360  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fortification is situated on a hillock above the SE bank of the Glen Burn 2km SSW of Cullen House. Little information has been recorded, and while its form seems akin to a motte, and it is listed as such by Peter Yeoman (1988, 131, 132 no.26), it is annotated 'Fort' on OS maps and has been Scheduled as a fort as recently as 2004. Oval on plan, it measures some 50m from E to W by 30m transversely (0.12ha) within a ditch with an external rampart; the ditch is 5m in breadth and its bottom lies 2m below the crest of the hillock. No entrance is visible and gaps in the ditch and rampart on the E and W are the result of quarrying. If this is indeed a motte, its size indicates that it is a major castle, and its origins should perhaps be sought in the documentation of Cullen House, the tower-house that preceded it and the mention of Inverculain in 1264 (see Canmore NJ56NW 6).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Unconfirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -316437  Y:  7897561  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.84260598072302  Latitude:  57.66639109005947  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Moray

Historic County:  Banffshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Rathven

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  108.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

No reliable information, but the form of the earthwork seems to suggest an earth and timber castle.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   Motte-like

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1867):   Named in Gothic type and annotated Fosse on the ist edition OS 25-inch map (Banffshire 1871, sheet 2.2)
Other (1967):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (2004):   Scheduled
Earthwork Survey (2006):   Topographic survey and profiles (Irving and Anderson 2006)

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Under dense trees

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Not known

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Ditch and counterscarp rampart encircling hillock

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.11ha.
Total:   0.11ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Irving and Anderson, D and D (2006) 'Davie's Castle Fort, Moray (Rathven parish), hillfort'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 7 (2006)

Name Book, Ordnance Survey Object Name Books (6 inch and 1/2500 scale); available https://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/

Yeoman, P A (1988f) 'Mottes in Northeast Scotland', Scot Archaeol Rev, vol.5



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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