Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2958 Durn Hill, Banffshire (Hill of Durn)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Aberdeenshire Historic Environment Record NJ56SE0003 (None)

NMR:  NJ 56 SE 4 (17973)

SM:  None

NGR:  NJ 5710 6383

X:  357100  Y:  863830  (OSGB36)

Summary

This large enclosure occupies the summit of Durn Hill, which is a prominent rounded hill above Portsoy. Its perimeter comprises three roughly concentric lines, the inner and outer of which are probably the remains of palisade trenches, while the third lying between them comprises a low scarp for most of its circuit, accompanied over a distance of about 130m on the SW quarter by an external ditch with a counterscarp bank; the ditch, which is in the order of 3m in breadth by 0.9m in depth, is rough and irregular with several undug causeways that may reflect the division of labour between separate work gangs. Apparently the remains of an unfinished rampart, the larger stones lie along the inner lip of the ditch, and a gap at the SW angle is probably an original entrance. The palisade trenches are between 0.6m and 0.9m in breadth and up to 0.3m in depth, the inner broken by gaps on the NE and behind the entrance through the unfinished rampart on the SW. While there are several small gaps in the line of the outer on the E and SE, only a gap on the SW, where the outer line diverges outwards from the others is certainly the remains of an entrance. The only features visible within the interior are two low, stony ring-banks, one immediately to the rear of the northern end of the unfinished rampart and ditch, and the other further into the interior in the SW quadrant.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -302863  Y:  7896727  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.7206613194308673  Latitude:  57.662383525144115  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Aberdeenshire

Historic County:  Banffshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Fordyce

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  198.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Radiocarbon dates from a palisade (The Northern Picts Project Annual Report 2014, 37-8)

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
C14:   None

Investigation History

Oblique aerial photography by Aberdeen Archaeological Services is held by Aberdeenshire Council and RCAHMS

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1866):   Annotated Camp on 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Banffshire 1871, sheet 3.15)
1st Identified Written Reference (1884):   Noted (Trans Banffshire Fld Club, 1884, 44-5)
Other (1956):   Description for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (RCAHMS BND 42/1; Feachem 1971, 27,-8)
Other (1961):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS
Excavation (2014):   Evaluation by Gordon Noble demonstrates the character of the palisade trenches.

Interior Features

Two stony ring-banks have been identified

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   The features are too slight to be certain to define the character of small gaps in the lines of the palisade trenches

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   There is consistently a gap in all three perimeters on the SW

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South west):   Causeway through the unfinished ditch and rampart
1. Simple Gap (South west):   in the outer palisade

Enclosing Works

Two palisade trenches and an apparently unfinished rampart and ditch

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.8ha.
Area 2:   2.6ha.
Area 3:   3.6ha.
Total:   3.6ha.

Total Footprint Area:  3.6ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   At least two of these lines are palisade trenches and the third the supposedly unfinished rampart

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Claimed as the marker trenches of an unfinished fort, these are demonstrably palisade trenches

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✓   Causeways in the bottom of the ditch may reflect gang-working practices

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Feachem, R W (1971) 'Unfinished hill-forts'. In Hill, D and Jesson, M (eds) The Iron Age and its hill-forts: papers presented to Sir Mortimer Wheeler on the occasion of his eightieth year. Southampton

Northern Picts Project Annual Report 2014 available at https://www.tarbat-discovery.co.uk/files/3114/2305/0534/Northern-Picts-Project-annual-report-2014.pdf



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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