Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3068 Dundee Law, Angus

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LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

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HER:  City of Dundee per Canmore 31936 (None)

NMR:  NO 33 SE 32 (31936)

SM:  2878

NGR:  NO 3914 3131

X:  339140  Y:  731310  (OSGB36)

Summary

Little is visible of the fort that stood on the summit of Dundee Law, which was adapted in the 16th or 17th centuries for a rectangular artillery fortification, and further demolished in 1923 for the construction of a war memorial; other damage has been caused by telecommunication installations erected over the N end. Nevertheless, the first town plans surveyed for Dundee in the mid 19th century clearly depict the artillery fortification, with bastions at each of its four corners, set squarely across a subrectangular enclosure measuring in the order of 70m from N to S by 30m transversely within its rampart (0.18ha). Vitrified stones found during the construction of the war memorial and in an excavation in 1993 suggest that this earlier rampart was timber-laced, though the rampart itself was not located in 1993, when partial sections were cut across what are probably elements of the earthwork defences of the artillery fort (Driscoll 1995). An area of intense burning was located on the W side of the interior, however, returning a radiocarbon date of 770 to 370 cal BC, while a stratified sequence of deposits was also recorded in which a pit containing three sherds of 1st century AD samian ware had been cut through an earlier area of paving and sealed by another burnt deposit, in this case dating from 40 cal BC to cal AD 220. A similar spectrum was returned by three dates from internal deposits located in an earlier evaluation carried out in 1990 (Rideout 1990). The only other feature of note is that the early OS maps of Dundee Law show a scarp encircling the foot of the hill, but there is no evidence that this is an ancient enclosure and fieldwork in 1993 found only old field banks on the lower slopes (Driscoll 1995).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -332783  Y:  7652559  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.9894442476205594  Latitude:  56.47002562775647  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  City of Dundee

Historic County:  Angus

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Dundee

Monument Condition

Destroyed by various bits of construction, from an artillery fort to a war memorial and a telecommunications mast

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  174.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

There are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences. Nevertheless an early iron age date was returned from an area of intence burning and there also three sherds of Samian ware dating from the 1st century AD

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by artillery fort and more recently a war memorial, roads and television masts

Evidence:
C14:   Five radiocarbon dates from various contexts

Investigation History

RCAHMS hold aerial views of the summit

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1793):   Noted and vitrifaction observed (Stat Acct, viii, 1793, 206)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1852):   J Collies Survey of the Burgh of Dundee 1850-2
Other (1857):   Annotated Fort on OS large scale plan (Dundee 1861, 54.5.7)
Other (1872):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Forfar 1885, sheet 54.5)
Other (1880):   Description (Warden 1880-5, i, 52)
Earthwork Survey (1899):   Sketch-plan and description by David Christison (1900, 52-3, fig 14)
Other (1923):   S end destroyed by the construction of the war memorial
Other (1956):   Description for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands
Other (1958):   Description by the OS
Excavation (1964):   Observations when television masts were erected on the N (Boyd 1964)
Other (1969):   Scheduled
Excavation (1990):   Evaluation (Rideout 1990)
Excavation (1993):   Evaluations (Driscoll 1993; 1995)
Earthwork Survey (1993):   Plan (Driscoll 1995, 1094, fig 2)

Interior Features

Traces of occupation revealed by excavationn

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

Pits located (Rideout 1990) and paving and areas of intense burning (Driscoll 1995)

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Steatite lamp found in demolition for the war memorial in 1923. In 1993, three sherds of Samian were found, a copper alloy strip, and a copper alloy tack, a lump of iron, a flint core and a chalcedony flake, a perforated stone disc, a whale vertebra and a turned bone knob (Driscoll 1995).

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   No clear evidence for the entrance into the fort

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

At least one probably timber-laced rampart

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.18ha.
Total:   0.18ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   The rampart of the overlying artillery fortification is omitted

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

Possible faces of the rampart observed in a cable trench in 1964 (Boyd 1964). Area of intense burning found in 1993, when further pieces of vitrifaction were recovered from secondary contexts (Driscoll 1995).

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Boyd, J D (1964) 'Dundee Law'. Disc Exc Scot (1964, 1

Christison, D (1900) 'The forts, "camps", and other field-works of Perth, Forfar and Kincardine'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 34 (1899-1900), 43-120

Driscoll, S T (1993) 'Dundee Law (Dundee parish): multi-period Iron Age/Roman, medieval, industrial'. Disc Exc Scot (1993), 97

Driscoll, S T (1995) 'Excavations on Dundee Law, 1993'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 125 (1995), 1091-1108

Rideout, J S (1990) 'Dundee Law (Dundee parish), fort'. Disc Exc Scot (1990), 39

Stat Acct (date) Statistical Account of Scotland: Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes (Sinclair, J ed), 1791-99

Warden, A J (1880-5) Angus or Forfarshire: the land and people, descriptive and historical (5v). Dundee



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This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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