Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3107 Castle Dykes, Kirkton, Kincardineshire

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Aberdeenshire Historic Environment Record NO87SW0018 (None)

NMR:  NO 87 SW 1 (36836)

SM:  None

NGR:  NO 8095 7460

X:  380959  Y:  774607  (OSGB36)

Summary

A substantial fortification with two broad ditches stood on a broad promontory formed between the Chapel Den and the N bank of the Bervie Water, and remained a prominent feature in the landscape until its demolition in 1849. While the ground falls away steeply into the den on the N and E, and to the Bervie Water on the S, the approach from the gently rising ground to the WNW was barred by a substantial earthwork, which according to the description of its demolition comprised a thick earthen rampart with an outer face of large stones and an external ditch. What remained in 1864 was depicted on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Kincardine 1868, sheet 21.13), but comparison with oblique aerial photographs showing the cropmarks of the two ditches, the earlier depiction seems to have conflated the two ditches into one over 10m broad. In practice the two ditches are set about 10m apart, the inner up to 6m in breadth and the outer about 3m. At the N end the inner turns sharply eastwards to pick up the edge of the den, a feature that is also shown on the map. The interior, which is featureless, probably measures about 115m from NNE to SSW by a maximum of 90m transversely (0.69ha). The position of the entrance is not known.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -257582  Y:  7732077  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.3138945728591542  Latitude:  56.862548698050354  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Aberdeenshire

Historic County:  Kincardineshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Arbuthnott

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  55.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Ploughed down

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by John Dewar (held by RCAHMS) in 1976, and RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1976, 1982 and 1986, and Aberdeen Archaeological Services in 1984.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1796):   Noted (Stat Acct, xvii, 1796, 392)
Other (1849):   Description of demolition (Name Book, Kincardineshire, No.1, p 4)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1864):   Named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Kincardine 1868, sheet 21.13)
Other (1899):   Description by David Christison (1900, 60)
Other (1956):   Visited for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands
Other (1967):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1982):   Visited by RCAHMS
Other (1998):   Visited for pre afforestation survey (Holden 1998; RCAHMS MS899/90)

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None known

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Two ditches with upcast ramparts cut off a broad promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.69ha.
Total:   0.69ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1900) 'The forts, "camps", and other field-works of Perth, Forfar and Kincardine'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 34 (1899-1900), 43-120

Holden, T (1998) 'Arbuthnott (Arbuthnott; Garvock; Bervie parishes), pre-afforestation survey'. Disc Exc Scot (1998), 5-6

Name Book, Ordnance Survey Object Name Books (6 inch and 1/2500 scale); available https://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/

Stat Acct (date) Statistical Account of Scotland: Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes (Sinclair, J ed), 1791-99



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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