Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3229 Toftcombs, Lanarkshire (Easter Toftcombs; Bizzyberry Hill)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 10850 (None)

NMR:  NT 03 NE 1 (48584)

SM:  2611

NGR:  NT 0539 3959

X:  305390  Y:  639590  (OSGB36)

Summary

THis fort is situated on the eastern tip of the long spur that extends ENE from Bizzyberry Hill. Its defences comprise two elements, namely an inner enclosure bounded by a spread stony bank 4m thick, and two outer rmaparts accompanied by external ditches. The inner enclosure is roughly oval on plan and measures internally 48m from N to S by 34m transversely (0.13ha); it has entrances on the E and probably the NW, though RCAHMS investigators in 1975 suggested the latter may be of recent origin (RCAHMS 1978, 107, no.239). They also suggested that the difference in character between perimeters of the inner and outer enclosures might indicate that the latter was earlier. Again roughly oval on plan, the outer ramparts enclose an area measuring 63m from N to S by 52m transversely (0.25ha), and there are entrances on the E and NW. The NW entrance is notable not only for a worn hollow extending up to the entrance in the inner enclosure, but also for the arrangement of the outer rampart, which diverges from the inner on the spine of the spur on the W, before cutting back at right-angles to form one side of an extended entrance way approaching the gap in the rampart. Whether this is an an original feature of the entrance is uncertain; it would have exposed the right side of approaching visitors, but the bank flanking the entrance may overlie the inner ditch, hinting that the arrangement is the result of other factors, which might also explain why its accompanying ditch turns down the S flank of the spur rather than pursuing a concentric line round towards the E. Within the interior there are the remains of at least one round-house comprising a stony ring-bank with an internal ring-ditch; there is possibly a second immediately to the N. These houses presumably belong to the final period of occupation within the interior, rather than to the earlier enclosure.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -390136  Y:  7487211  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.5046551409807134  Latitude:  55.64065908525241  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  South Lanarkshire

Historic County:  Lanarkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Biggar

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Partly in a 19th century plantation, now reverted to pasture

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  310.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Bronze Age flat axe from a 'Camp' on Wintermuir Hill may come from here (RCAHMS 1978, 21; WOSAS 10852)
Post Hillfort:   Ploughed down in the post-medieval period and planted with trees

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

CUCAP photographed the fort in 1972, and RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1980, 1981, 1990, 1991 and 2009.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1726):   Probably noted as Bizzyberry by Alexander Gordon (1726, 115)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1858):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Lanark 1864, sheet 34.6)
Earthwork Survey (1889):   Sketch-plan and description by David Christison (1890, 334-5, fig 28)
Earthwork Survey (1932):   Sketch-plan and description by James Hewat Craw, who died in 1933 (RCAHMS MS 28/343/2, MS 28/343/3, SAS343 a)
Earthwork Survey (1959):   Plan (RCAHMS LAD 146/1)
Other (1967):   Scheduled
Other (1972):   Resurveyed at 1:2500
Earthwork Survey (1975):   Plan adapted from earlier survey and description (RCAHMS 1978, 107, no.239, fig 65; RCAHMS LAD 146/2)

Interior Features

At least one round-house with an internal ring-ditch and an external stony bank, and possible traces of others.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Ring-ditch house

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Bronze flat axe possibly found here (Canmore 48595)

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Oblique (East):   Slightly staggered gaps. Oblique approach exposing left side
2. Passage-way/Corridor (North west):   Dogleg where the outer rampart returns on one side of the entrance

Enclosing Works

At least two ramparts, but possibly a third if the innermost is part of the fort rather than a later enclosure

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.13ha.
Area 2:   0.25ha.
Total:   0.25ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1890) 'Forts, camps, and motes of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 24 (1889-90), 281-352

Gordon, A (1726) Itinerarium Septentrionale: or A Journey Thro' most of the Counties of Scotland And Those in the North of England. London

RCAHMS. (1978) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Lanarkshire: an inventory of the prehistoric and Roman monuments. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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