Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3564 Stanhope, Peeblesshire (Wester Stanhope)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Scottish Borders 49788 (None)

NMR:  NT 12 NW 5 (49788)

SM:  2675

NGR:  NT 1200 2950

X:  312005  Y:  629505  (OSGB36)

Summary

This is one of the more extraordinary forts in Peeblesshire, occupying a rocky rib between two shallow gullies on the steep,boulder-strewn slope forming the N flank of Laigh Hill opposite Stanhope farmhouse. Nevertheless, two walls pursue irregular circuits through the the outcrops, each reduced to a band of rubble with numerous outer facing-stones and a few inner facing stones visible around the upper, S side, and while the inner is some 3.5m thick, the outer is 3m thick. The area they enclose is roughly oval, measuring 52m from E to W by 46m transversely (0.18ha), contains nine circular house-platforms, most of which are encircled by thin rickles of stones. In addition to the inner defences, an outer wall some 2.4m in thickness, accompanied around the uphill side by an external ditch, encloses an additional 0.7ha around the fort, forming an irregular enclosure taking in the gullies to either side and the steep slopes above an below. Within this area a single house platform can be seen on the W, above the entrance. The latter passes through a gap in the outermost wall on the WNW, which is lined with slabs set on edge, and is flanked on the N by a row of boulders as it approaches the gap formed in the medial wall by two massive natural boulders, the larger up to 2.7m high; the oblique axis of the entrance exposes the visitor's right side at the innermost wall.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -378083  Y:  7469608  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.3963753876859006  Latitude:  55.55131119515359  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Drumelzier

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  250.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Enclosed and planted with trees in the 19th century

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1993 and 2010

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1881):   Noted (Smith 1881, 317)
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 141-3, no.318, fig 132; Plan does not appear in RCAHMS catalogue)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1963):   Visited by the OS
Other (1968):   Scheduled
Other (1972):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1989):   Landscape mapping survey by RCAHMS
Other (1999):   Re-Scheduled

Interior Features

Contains nine house platforms, each encircled with a thin band of stones, and one with a ring of slabs set on edge, which the RCAHMS investigators in 1956 suggested was the packing of a bedding trench. A tenth house platform lies within the annexe on the W, while the OS reported an eleventh on the N

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Large sector of the outer enclosure missing on the NE

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Oblique (North west):   Staggered gaps. Oblique approach exposing right side
1. Simple Gap (North west):   Opposed terminals in all the ramparts

Enclosing Works

Three walls forming inner and outer enclosures on a steep hillside

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.18ha.
Area 2:   0.88ha.
Total:   0.88ha.

Total Footprint Area:  1.0ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   accompanying the annexe wall

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✓   The outer enclosure has been designated an annexe in local terminology, where a number of settlement appear to comprise an intensively occupied inner enclosure, with an apparently empty outer enclosure. In this case the outer enclosure takes in an addition 0.73ha of rough and inhospitable ground, little of which lends itself to comfortable occupation. The perimeter wall of the annexe is some 2.4m in thickness, displaying several runs of inner and outer face at various parts of the circuit, and is accompanied by a ditch around the uphill side. The NE sector of its perimeter has been largely removed, in part to make way for the small homestead at the foot of the slope.

References

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh

Smith, J A (1881) 'Notice of a massive bronze "late Celtic" armlet and two small objects of bronze (horse-trappings), found with a Roman bronze patella, at Stanhope, Peeblesshire, in 1876; with an account of other bronze armlets found in Scotland'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 15 (1880-1), 316-55



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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