Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3567 Whiteside Rig, Peeblesshire (Manyleith Rig)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Scottish Borders 49754 (None)

NMR:  NT 12 NW 13 (49754)

SM:  3467

NGR:  NT 1126 2491

X:  311263  Y:  624913  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated on the crest of Whiteside Rig, a high ridge from which the ground falls away steeply for a vertical height of 100m to the banks of the Tweed on the NW and into the side valleys along the NE and SW flanks. The only easy line of approach is off the higher ground to the SE and across a shallow saddle. The defences of the fort comprise a single wall, which extends along the lip of the slope from above the saddle on the SE to the very tip of the ridge on the NW to enclose an oval area measuring about 350m from NW to SE by 100m transversely (2.7ha). Several runs of outer face are visible along its line, and also forming the leading edge of what was probably an outer wall crossing the spine of the ridge at the saddle on the SE, though this latter has been otherwise robbed away to provide stone for a sheepfold. There is an entrance in the SE end, and a second gap in the SW flank, while any entrance at the NW end is probably lost, robbed to build a stone-walled enclosure that overlies this end of the fort. Roughly oval on plan, and measuring internally 40m from NW to SE by 33m transversely, this enclosure has also been heavily robbed, though a long run of outer facing stones can be seen along the leading edge of the surviving band of rubble on the SE. The interior of the fort is featureless.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -379228  Y:  7461468  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.4066599379640157  Latitude:  55.509927437799  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Tweedsmuir

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Clearing in a large plantation, with ploughing and trees encroaching along the flanks

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  407.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   SE end overlain by sheepfold

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1981 and 1993

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1856):   Annotated Fort, but placed in the wrong position on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Peeblesshire 1859, sheet 19)
Other (1886):   Description of the small fort on the W end of the ridge by David Christison (1887, 17)
Other (1897):   Correctly placed on the 25-inch map (Peeblesshire 1898, sheet 19.16)
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 153-4, no.332, fig 145; RCAHMS PBD 153/1-6)
Other (1972):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1974):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Large sector around the NW end removed

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   None
2. Simple Gap (South west):   Unclear whether this is an original feature

Enclosing Works

Single rampart around the whole circuit and a second across the vulnerable SE approach

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.7ha.
Total:   2.7ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1887) 'The prehistoric forts of Peeblesshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 21 (1886-7), 13-82

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1