Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3637 Gallowberry Wood, Peeblesshire (Bryland)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 50144 (None)

NMR:  NT 14 SW 8 (50144)

SM:  3007

NGR:  NT 1245 4335

X:  312450  Y:  643350  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies a hillock on the spur descending NW above Bryland, and having been planted with trees in the 19th century now lies within a clearing in a larger coniferous forest. Oval on plan, the fort measures about 80m from NE to SW by 30m transversely (0.2ha) within a rampart which forms a stony bank to either side of the entrances in the NE and SW ends, but is otherwise reduced to a scarp along the flanks. Flanking the entrances at both ends, however, there is also an outer rampart, again reduced to a scarp, while lying downslope on the N and along the foot of the slope in the saddle to the the SE traces of a ditch can be seen. Clearly broken into four segments by undug causeways in the saddle, RCAHMS investigators in 1959 suggested these were the remains of an unfinished circuit. Within the interior there is a shallow quarry scoop immediately in the rear of the inner rampart, but at four points house platforms have been cut into the back of the scoop.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -377788  Y:  7494137  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.393728849349232  Latitude:  55.67575794098829  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kirkurd

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Clearing in a coniferous plantation, having formerly been planted in the 19th century

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  381.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Planted with trees in the 19th century

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1981, 1991 and 1992

Investigations:
Earthwork Survey (1959):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 116-17, no.280, fig 97; RCAHMS PBD 106/1-2)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1968):   OS 6-inch map
Other (1970):   Scheduled
Other (1974):   Visited by the OS

Interior Features

Four house platforms, three of which cut back into the edge of the internal quarry scoop to the rear of the inner rampart

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Four house platforms, three of which cut back into the edge of the internal quarry scoop to the rear of the inner rampart

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None
2. Simple Gap (South west):   None

Enclosing Works

Continuous inner rampart with an outer rampart at either end and ephemeral traces of an outer line comprising discontinuous segments of ditch on the N and along the foot of the slope in the saddle to the SE, considered by RCAHMS investigators in 1959 to be unfinished.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.2ha.
Total:   0.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Omits the ephemeral outer ditch

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   discontinuous segments and considered by RCAHMS investigators in 1959 to be unfinished

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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