Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3643 Waddenshope, Peeblesshire (Upper Newby)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Scottish Borders 51242 (None)

NMR:  NT 23 NE 14 (51242)

SM:  3060

NGR:  NT 2673 3680

X:  326730  Y:  636800  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated at the N tip of a long spur dropping down from Dead Side between the Waddenshope and Glensax Burns, and is set at the point where the ground falls away more steeply on the N down to the cottage at Waddenshope. Oval on plan, the defences comprise inner and outer enclosures, the inner measuring internally 58m from NW to SE by 30m transversely (0.16ha). The enclosing rampart has been reduced to a low stony bank to either side of the entrance on the SE, and elsewhere to a scarp; on the SE, which is also the easiest line of approach, it is accompanied by an external ditch, 5m beyond which, and unrecognised when RCAHMS investigators drew up a plan in 1952 (RCAHMS 1967, 146-7, no.324, fig 138), are traces of a concentric palisade trench. The outer enclosure is not concentric, its rampart lying from 12m to 28m outside the inner on the NW and SE respectively, and 5m along the flanks, and again is largely reduced to a scarp but forms a low bank to either side of the entrance on the SE. Here too it is accompanied by an external ditch, outside which there is a concentric palisade trench, the latter possibly also visible as a low scarp at the NW end of the fort. A second entrance pierces both ramparts obliquely on the W, exposing the visitor's left side, and within the inner enclosure there are traces of at least five ring-ditch houses, only two of which appear on the plan. Conventionally the inner and outer enclosures have been seen as a contemporary scheme of defence, and the palisades would be regarded as an earlier phase of enclosure. Whether the former hypothesis can be neither demonstrated or contradicted on the basis of the field evidence, it is worth considering also that the palisade trenches here may be complementary elements in a contemporary defensive scheme with both stone and timber components.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -352322  Y:  7482996  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.1649655257072675  Latitude:  55.61928345595742  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Peebles

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  305.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by an old dyke at the SE end, and a quarry has been cut across the defences on the NE

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1982, 1991, 1992 and 2010

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1775):   Camp symbol on top of a hill on Mostyn Armstrong's map of The County of Peebles or Tweedale (1775)
Earthwork Survey (1952):   Plan and description drawn up during the RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (RCAHMS 1967, 146-7, no.324, fig 138; RCAHMS PBD 146/1-3)
Other (1961):   Visited by the OS
Other (1971):   Scheduled
Other (1974):   Visited by the OS
Other (2016):   Visited by S Halliday

Interior Features

At least six ring-ditch houses

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Six ring-ditch houses

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   Passes through both ramparts at their widest separation
2. Oblique (West):   Oblique approach exposing left side

Enclosing Works

Two ramparts forming eccentric enclosures and accompanied on the line of easiest access by ditches with palisade trenches set beyond the counterscarp

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.16ha.
Area 2:   0.49ha.
Total:   0.49ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.65ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Palisades omitted from the figures below

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Only visible at one end

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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