Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3668 Janet's Brae, Peeblesshire (Peebles Hydropathic)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Scottish Borders 51471 (None)

NMR:  NT 24 SE 35 (51471)

SM:  3028

NGR:  NT 2678 4043

X:  326780  Y:  640430  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated at the S end of a spur that descends gently from the N, at the point where the ground falls away sharply to the S; the site, however, is neither a summit nor level, sloping down gently towards the W, and the defences exploit a minor declivity in the contours on the E. The main defences comprise two ramparts with external ditches, which can be traced round the greater part of the circuit, disappearing only in places on the S. Where best preserved, on the N and E, the inner rampart stands up to 0.9m in height internally and 3m above the bottom of its ditch, while the outer rampart is up to 1.2m high; the shallow outer ditch can be seen on the NE and NW sectors, on the latter accompanied by a counterscarp bank. About 10m in advane of the defences on the NE, which is the easiest line of approach, a third rampart and ditch can be seen cutting across the crest of the spur. The oval interior measures about 76m from ESE to WNW by 59m transversely (0.35ha), and there is an entrance on the WNW.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -352342  Y:  7489429  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.1651392338320994  Latitude:  55.65190125095199  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Peebles

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Clearing in an extensive forest

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  305.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Planted with trees in the early 19th century

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1775):   Concentric ring on a hill symbol on Mostyn Armstrong's map of The County of Peebles or Tweedale (1775)
Other (1856):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Peebles 1859, sheet 13.7)
Other (1863):   Description by William Chambers (1864, 29, 38)
Earthwork Survey (1886):   Sketch-plan and description by David Christison (1887, 43-4, fig 30)
Earthwork Survey (1959):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 125, no.292, fig 108; RCAHMS PBD 117/1-2)
Other (1962):   Visited by the OS
Other (1971):   Scheduled
Other (1974):   Visited by the OS
Other (1988):   Cleared of trees
Other (2000):   Re-Scheduled
Earthwork Survey (2013):   Rubicon Heritage on behalf of the Forestry Commission (Baker & O'Flaherty 2014)

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

David Christison noted a depression with some rushes within the interior as the only evidence he had seen in Peeblesshire to indicate that a fort may have had an internal water supply. It has not been identified by investigators since

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Sectors of rampart apparently missing on the S and SE

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (West):   None

Enclosing Works

Two main ramparts and ditches round most of the circuit with an outlying rampart and ditch on the NE

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.35ha.
Total:   0.35ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

The claim that the slightness of the third rampart and ditch in the NE sector indicates that it may be unfinished cannot be sustained.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Baker, L & O'Flaherty, E (2014) Archaeological Measured Survey of Janet's Brae Forts, Scottish Borders, Unpublished report

Barclay, G J (1989) 'Janet's Brae (Peebles parish), forts'. Disc Exc Scot (1989), 8

Chambers, W (1864) A History of Peeblesshire. William and Robert Chambers: Edinburgh and London

Christison, D (1887) 'The prehistoric forts of Peeblesshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 21 (1886-7), 13-82

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1