Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3673 Black Meldon, Peeblesshire

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Scottish Borders 51547 (None)

NMR:  NT 24 SW 3 (51547)

SM:  2703

NGR:  NT 2063 4251

X:  320630  Y:  642510  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated on the rocky summit of the black Meldon, which forms the W bulwark of the Meldon valley. Roughly oval on plan, with a flattened WNW side, it measures 73m from NNE to SSW by 40m transversely (0.23ha) within a stone rampart reduced to a band of rubble some 3m thick. An outer rampart, again represented by a band of rubble, apparently springs from the inner on the NNE to extend round the WNW flank and SSE end before finally petering out on the margin of the summit area on the S. Both ramparts at this end of the fort are pierced by an entrance in which the gaps are staggered to create an oblique approach that exposes the visitor's left side; a second entrance lies on the ENE in a sector defended only by the inner rampart. Within the interior, traces of no fewer than seven round-house stances can be seen, five of them forming a row immediately to the rear of the rampart on the WNW side; the other two appear to be part of a second row along the ESE margin of the summit area, leading to the idea that the interior has been laid out around an axial street. The round house are defined by shallow grooves and three encircle slight platforms, while in two others RCAHMS investigators in 1959 observed what they believed to be settings of stones marking central hearths.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -363285  Y:  7492925  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.263448923554992  Latitude:  55.669619647840854  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Lyne

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  407.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Tumbled fold overlies the defences at the NW corner

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1980, 1985 and 1991, and by John Dent in 1992

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1955):   Noted during RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (1951-5)
Earthwork Survey (1959):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 101, no.259, fig 76; RCAHMS PBD 88/1-3)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1962):   Visited by the OS
Other (1968):   Scheduled
Other (1974):   Visited by the OS

Interior Features

At least seven timber round-house stances, five of them set in a row on the W side of the interior, comprising circular grooves, several around shallow platforms, and in two cases with a possible central hearth visible after the heather was burnt off in 1959

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

At least seven ring-grooves

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None
2. Oblique (South):   Staggered gaps. Oblique approach exposing left side
2. Simple Gap (South):   None

Enclosing Works

Two ramparts around most of the circuit and a single rampart on the E

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.23ha.
Total:   0.23ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.45ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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