Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3690 Peace Knowe, West Lothian

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 18206 (None)

NMR:  NT 07 SW 7 (49312)

SM:  1901

NGR:  NT 0306 7407

X:  303060  Y:  674070  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fort is situated to the NW of Ochiltree Mill, occupying a hillock with a steep escarpment along its NNE flank. Elsewhere a belt of ramparts has been constructed, though they are largely reduced to scarps, three on the E and S, fading into two on the SW, and only the inner continuing N from a gap on the W to die just short of the lip of the escarpment. RCAHMS investigators in 1924 suspected this was an entrance and make no mention of the gap on the W, which their plan shows opening into a shallow hollow in the interior. The only other feature within the interior, which measures about 50m from ESE to WNW along the lip of the escarpment by 30m transversely (0.13ha) is a natural mound enclosed by a slight ditch with an external bank; occupying the whole of the E end of the fort, this feature is probably no more than a plantation ring.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -395623  Y:  7548448  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.553942827808067  Latitude:  55.94989506817832  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  West Lothian

Historic County:  West Lothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Linlithgow

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Heavily overgrown with gorse

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  180.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Probable tree ring built within the E end

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1991, and with a kite by the West Lothian Archaeological Group from which a 3d model has been generated of part of the fort (https://www.armadale.org.uk/peaceknowe.htm)

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1854):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Linlithgow 1856, sheet 5.12)
Earthwork Survey (1924):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1929, 231-2, no.357, fig 293; RCAHMS WLD 32/1-2)
Other (1935):   Scheduled
Other (1952):   Visited during RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands
Other (1952):   Visited by the OS
Other (1974):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS

Interior Features

An enclosure around a natural mound at the E end of the interior is probably a relatively recent feature

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (West):   None
2. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Up to three ramparts on one side and two elsewhere, forming a D shaped enclosure backing onto a steep slope

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.13ha.
Total:   0.13ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1929) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Tenth report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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