Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3721 Wester Craiglockhart Hill, Midlothian

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  City of Edinburgh No record found (None)

NMR:  NT 27 SW 34 (52658)

SM:  3193

NGR:  NT 2282 7006

X:  322820  Y:  670060  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fortification crowns the summit of Wester Craiglockart Hill. Unfortunately the whole site has been heavily disrupted and obscured by the construction of three gun emplacements on the summit, but it appears to comprise two elements, namely a small D-shaped enclosure measuring no more than 22m from E to W by 13m transversely within a wall 2.5m in thickness and an outlying rock-cut ditch blocking access to the summit from the W. Attention was first drawn to the site by the discovery in 1916 of a spiral armlet, and the subsequent recovery of a small bronze finger-ring, a fragment of shale bracelet, pottery and domestic debris (Macgregor 1976, no.222). The rock-cut ditch was also recognised at this time (RCAHMS 1929, xxvii-xxviii), but a plan was not prepared until 1970, when Gordon Maxwell also carried out a minor excavation (1970), in the following year sectioning the wall (1971). This revealed two phases in which paving and a hearth were laid down on top of earlier demolition debris and led to the recovery of a relatively large assemblage of coarse pottery, two fragments of Roman glass, a small sherd of samian ware, and a bead of Antrim bauxite.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -360281  Y:  7542001  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.2364560674200282  Latitude:  55.91745705678809  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  City of Edinburgh

Historic County:  Midlothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Edinburgh

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  175.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

There are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences, though there is evidently occupation dating from the 1st or 2nd centuries AD.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✓
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Roman glass fragments

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1916):   Discovery of a spiral armlet and the identification of the ditch (Proc Soc Antiq Scot 51, 1916-17, 10, fig1); the rock-cut ditch was also observed (RCAHMS 1929, xxvii-xxviii)
Earthwork Survey (1970):   Plan and description (RCAHMS EDD 733/1-2)
Excavation (1970):   Minor evaluation to assist the planning (Maxwell 1970)
Excavation (1971):   Minor evaluation to assist the planning (Maxwell 1971)
Other (1972):   Scheduled
Other (1974):   Visited by the OS
Other (2001):   Re-Scheduled

Interior Features

Overlain by the gun emplacements

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Possibly on the E according to the Scheduling document

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Single wall with an outlying rock-cut ditch on one side; the interior of the dun-like structure is tiny, but it is possible part of a large site represented by the outlying rock-cut ditch

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   Noneha.
Total:   Noneha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.12ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Outlying ditch

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Macgregor, M (1976) Early Celtic art in north Britain: a study of decorative metalwork from the third century B.C. to the third century A.D. (2v). Leicester University Press: Leicester

Maxwell, G S (1970) 'Wester Craiglockhart Hill, fort'. Disc Exc Scot (1970), 32

Maxwell, G S (1971) 'Edinburgh, Wester Craiglockhart Hill, fort'. Disc Exc Scot (1971, 28-9

Proc Soc Antiq Scot (1917) 'Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 51 (1916-17), 10, fig 1

Proc Soc Antiq Scot (1918) 'Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 52 (1917-18), 150, 172

RCAHMS (1929) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Tenth report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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