Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3927 Blackcastle Hill, East Lothian

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  East Lothian Council MEL1904 (None)

NMR:  NT 77 SW 7 (58973)

SM:  3933

NGR:  NT 7128 7174

X:  371280  Y:  671740  (OSGB36)

Summary

Identified as an ancient fortification on the Armstrongs' Map of the Three Lothians, the enclosure that stands on the NW tip of the crest of Blackcastle Hill is at best a minor settlement enclosure, but around its SW quarter there are the remains of a discontinuous arc of rampart and ditch which may be part of a larger unfinished work enclosing the SW tip of the crest of this steep-sided hill. Comprising a bank rising no more than 1.2m above the bottom of an external ditch about 2m in breadth by 0.5m in depth, the projection of the arc would have enclosed an area about 75m in diameter (0.42ha), though no trace of any other elements of such an enclosure were noted when a plan was drawn up by RCAHMS investigators in 1913, and the surrounding area has been ploughed and re-seeded on numerous occasions since 1946. The perimeter of the enclosure that now occupies most of the area forms a low bank little over 3m in thickness and apparently has been built of material from an internal quarry; at some 1.8m broad by 0.2m deep, the latter is little more than a turf-stripping scar, and as such perhaps suggests a comparatively recent enclosure for this enclosure. Nevertheless, it measures about 50m in diameter and has an entrance on the WSW, and it is generally accepted as a late Iron Age homestead containing traces of two stone-founded round-houses and an arc of ditch of unknown purpose (Feachem 1963, 121-2).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -273993  Y:  7546062  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.4613203370541976  Latitude:  55.93789375177831  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  East Lothian

Historic County:  East Lothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Innerwick

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  312.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by CUCAP in 1969 and by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1992 and 2008

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1773):   Concentric ring on a hill symbol on Andrew and Mostyn Armstrong's Map of the three Lothians (1773)
1st Identified Written Reference (1791):   Noted (Stat Acct i, 1791, 124)
Other (1853):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Haddingtonshire 1854, sheet 12)
Earthwork Survey (1913):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1924, 55, no.89, fig 96; RCAHMS ELD 6/1)
Other (1954):   Description during RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (Feachem 1963, 121-2)
Other (1966):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1977):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Within the arc of the unfinished rampart there is a lesser enclosure that appears to be the remains of a small settlement containing traces of two possible stone-founded round-houses and an arc of shallow ditch

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

An arc of what is probably an unfinished rampart and ditch. While the projected interior can be estimated at 0.42ha, too little of the perimeter exists to allow this figure to be entered below.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   Noneha.
Total:   Noneha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Excludes the perimeter of the minor settlement enclosure

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Stat Acct (date) Statistical Account of Scotland: Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes (Sinclair, J ed), 1791-99

Feachem, R W (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland. Batsford: London

RCAHMS (1924) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Eighth report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of East Lothian. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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