HER:  Scottish Borders 59938 (None)
NMR:  NT 86 SW 4 (59938)
SM:  375
NGR:  NT 8046 6020
X:  380460  Y:  660200  (OSGB36)
This fort or fortified settlement is situated on the leading edge of Buncle Edge where the ground begins to fall away more steeply. Roughly trapezoidal on plan, it measures up to 80m from NE to SW by 67m transversely (0.5ha) within a rampart some 5.4m in thickness by 1m in height, and an external ditch 5.7m in breadth by 1.2m in depth. On the SE and SW, however, a later bank has been constructed along the outer lip of the ditch and crossing over at the E and W angles to complete the enclosure on the inner rampart; the date and purpose of this work is uncertain, though it may be no more than an early plantation enclosure. The original entrance was probably at the E angle, blocked by the addition of the later bank, while the gap in the SW side has probably been cut through both the enclosure bank and the rampart more recently still. The interior also appears to have been reused for a later farmstead comprising a terrace probably constructed for a rectangular building in the W angle of the interior, with a stone revetment along its leading edge facing into a large enclosure.
Citizen Science:  ✗
Reliability of Data:  Confirmed
Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed
X:  -257541  Y:  7525573  (EPSG: 3857)
Longitude:  -2.3135314558549886  Latitude:  55.83467059601765  (EPSG:4326)
Country:  Scotland
Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders
Historic County:  Berwickshire
Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Bunkle And Preston
None
Extant   | ✓ |
Cropmark   | ✗ |
Likely Destroyed   | ✗ |
None
Woodland   | ✓ |
Commercial Forestry Plantation   | ✗ |
Parkland   | ✗ |
Pasture (Grazing)   | ✗ |
Arable   | ✗ |
Scrub/Bracken   | ✓ |
Bare Outcrop   | ✗ |
Heather/Moorland   | ✗ |
Heath   | ✗ |
Built-up   | ✗ |
Coastal Grassland   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
None
Contour Fort   | ✗ |
Partial Contour Fort   | ✗ |
Promontory Fort   | ✗ |
Hillslope Fort   | ✓ |
Level Terrain Fort   | ✗ |
Marsh Fort   | ✗ |
Multiple Enclosure Fort   | ✗ |
Hilltop   | ✗ |
Coastal Promontory   | ✗ |
Inland Promontory   | ✗ |
Valley Bottom   | ✗ |
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   | ✗ |
Ridge   | ✗ |
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   | ✗ |
Hillslope   | ✓ |
Lowland   | ✗ |
Spur   | ✗ |
Dominant Topographic Feature:  None
North   | ✗ |
Northeast   | ✗ |
East   | ✗ |
Southeast   | ✓ |
South   | ✗ |
Southwest   | ✗ |
West   | ✗ |
Northwest   | ✗ |
Level   | ✗ |
Altitude:  228.0m
N/A
In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.
Reliability:  D - None
Pre 1200BC   | ✗ |
1200BC - 800BC   | ✗ |
800BC - 400BC   | ✗ |
400BC - AD50   | ✗ |
AD50 - AD400   | ✗ |
AD400 - AD 800   | ✗ |
Post AD800   | ✗ |
Unknown   | ✓ |
Pre Hillfort:   | None |
Post Hillfort:   | Planted with trees in the early 19th century |
None
1st Identified Map Depiction (1771):   | Probably one of the concentric ring on a hill symbols on Andrew and Mostyn Armstrong's Map of the County of Berwick (1771) |
Other (1826):   | Square symbol annotated camp on T Sharp, Christopher Greenwood and William Fowler's map of The County of Berwick (1826) |
Other (1857):   | Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Berwick 1862, sheet 10.8) |
Other (1894):   | Description by David Christison (1895, 167) |
Earthwork Survey (1895):   | Plan and description by Francis Lynn (1895, 367-8) |
Other (1908):   | Description (RCAHMS 1909, 4-5, no.19) |
Earthwork Survey (1912):   | Plan by James Hewat Craw and description (RCAHMS 1915, 9, no.20, fig 6; RCAHMS BWD 18/1; BWD 18/1/9 & DP225496) |
Other (1939):   | Scheduled |
Other (1950):   | Visited by RCAHMS but obscured by tree-felling operations |
Other (1966):   | Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS |
Other (1979):   | Description by RCAHMS |
Other (2009):   | Re-Scheduled |
Featureless apart from what is probably a platform for a rectangular building in the W corner, in front of which there is a larger enclosure or garth
None
None   | ✓ |
Spring   | ✗ |
Stream   | ✗ |
Pool   | ✗ |
Flush   | ✗ |
Well   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
Probable later farmstead
No Known Features   | ✗ |
Round Stone Structures   | ✗ |
Rectangular Stone Structures   | ✗ |
Curvilinear Platforms   | ✗ |
Other Roundhouse Evidence   | ✗ |
Pits   | ✗ |
Quarry Hollows   | ✗ |
Other   | ✓ |
None
No Known Excavation   | ✓ |
Pits   | ✗ |
Postholes   | ✗ |
Roundhouses   | ✗ |
Rectangular Structures   | ✗ |
Roads/Tracks   | ✗ |
Quarry Hollows   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
Nothing Found   | ✗ |
None
No Known Geophysics   | ✓ |
Pits   | ✗ |
Roundhouses   | ✗ |
Rectangular Structures   | ✗ |
Roads/Tracks   | ✗ |
Quarry Hollows   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
Nothing Found   | ✗ |
None
No Known Finds   | ✓ |
Pottery   | ✗ |
Metal   | ✗ |
Metalworking   | ✗ |
Human Bones   | ✗ |
Animal Bones   | ✗ |
Lithics   | ✗ |
Environmental   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
Obscured by trees
APs Not Checked   | ✗ |
None   | ✓ |
Roundhouses   | ✗ |
Rectangular Structures   | ✗ |
Pits   | ✗ |
Postholes   | ✗ |
Roads/Tracks   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
See main summary
2:   | None |
2:   | None |
Guard Chambers:  ✗
Chevaux de Frise:  ✗
1. Simple Gap (East):   | None |
Single rampart and ditch, overlain by later enclosure
Area 1:   | 0.5ha. |
Total:   | 0.5ha. |
Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.
None
✓   | The bank on the counterscarp on the SW and SE clearly crosses the ditch at the E and W angles to adopt the inner rampart around the NE and NW |
✓   | None |
NE Quadrant:   | 1 |
SE Quadrant:   | 1 |
SW Quadrant:   | 1 |
NW Quadrant:   | 1 |
Total:   | 1 |
Partial Univallate   | ✗ |
Univallate   | ✓ |
Partial Bivallate   | ✗ |
Bivallate   | ✗ |
Partial Multivallate   | ✗ |
Multivallate   | ✗ |
Unknown   | ✗ |
Partial Univallate   | ✗ |
Univallate   | ✗ |
Partial Bivallate   | ✗ |
Bivallate   | ✗ |
Partial Multivallate   | ✗ |
Multivallate   | ✗ |
None
None   | ✗ |
Earthen Bank   | ✓ |
Stone Wall   | ✗ |
Rubble   | ✗ |
Wall-walk   | ✗ |
Evidence of Timber   | ✗ |
Vitrification   | ✗ |
Other Burning   | ✗ |
Palisade   | ✗ |
Counter Scarp Bank   | ✗ |
Berm   | ✗ |
Unfinished   | ✗ |
Other   | ✗ |
None
None   | ✗ |
Earthen Bank   | ✗ |
Stone Wall   | ✗ |
Murus Duplex   | ✗ |
Timber-framed   | ✗ |
Timber-laced   | ✗ |
Vitrification   | ✗ |
Other Burning   | ✗ |
Palisade   | ✗ |
Counter Scarp Bank   | ✗ |
Berm   | ✗ |
Unfinished   | ✗ |
No Known Excavation   | ✓ |
Other   | ✗ |
✗   | None |
✓   | None |
Number of Ditches:  1
✗   | None |
Christison, D (1895) 'The forts of Selkirk, the Gala Water, the Southern slopes of the Lammermoors, and the north of Roxburgh'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 29 (1894-50), 108-79
Lynn, F (1897) 'Bunkle Edge forts'. Hist Berwickshire Natur Club 15 (1894-5), 365-76
RCAHMS (1909) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. First report and Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Berwick. HMSO: Edinburgh.
RCAHMS (1915) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Sixth report and Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Berwick (Revised Issue). HMSO: Edinburgh
Atlas of Hillforts:
Wikidata:
This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:
Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk
Document Version 1.1