Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC4121 Foulden, Berwickshire (New Farm; No 9 Kirkbanny; Deans Burns)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 60048 (None)

NMR:  NT 95 NW 20 (60048)

SM:  12531

NGR:  NT 9246 5657

X:  392464  Y:  656572  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort or fortified settlement is situated on the southern margin of a broad elevated plateau above a long slope descending towards Foulden on the S. The interior of the fort is probably marked by a shallow depression in the surface of the field, but the defences are known only from cropmarks and comprise two ditches, the inner some 4m in breadth and the outer, lying 5m outside it, no more than 2m. On plan they enclose a subrectangular area measuring 60m from NNE to SSW by 55m transversely (0.3ha). Allowing for the presence of the inner rampart, the scar of which is visible on the aerial photographs, the interior encloses about 0.21ha and is served by roughly opposed entrances on the ESE and W respectively. Within the interior the cropmarks reveal a palisaded enclosure about 45m in diameter and roughly coincident with the fringes of the shallow internal scoop. In addition, there is a much larger rectangular enclosure around the fort measuring at least 155m from ESE to WNW by 115m transversely within a ditch no more than 2m broad; its date and purpose are unknown.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -236195  Y:  7519182  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.1217781326239527  Latitude:  55.802411712821296  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Berwickshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Foulden

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  122.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

This would probably also figure as a rectilinear settlement on distributions of late Iron Age settlements, but in the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Ploughed down

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by CUCAP in 1970, and by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1979, 1986 and 1990

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1970):   First photographed by CUCAP
Other (1979):   Visited by RCAHMS,
Other (2009):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Shallow scoop visible on the aerial photographs, and traces of an eccentric palisade trench

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Palisaded enclosure

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Defences ploughed flat

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Opposed entrances

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   None
2. Simple Gap (West):   None

Enclosing Works

Two ditches, presumably with upcast ramparts, and an eccentric palisade trench within the interior

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.21ha.
Total:   0.21ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The eccentric palisade trench almost certainly represents a separate period of enclosure

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Palisaded enclosure revealed only by cropmarks within the interior probably represents an entirely separate phase

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   The rectangular enclosure around the fort, which takes in at least 1.5ha, is probably an agricultural enclosure rather than an annexe

References

No related records



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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