Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC4192 Brough of Stoal, Aywick, Shetland (Yell, Aywick, Brough of Stoal; The Snuti)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Shetland Amenity Trust 2170 (None)

NMR:  HU 58 NW 1 (1363)

SM:  2085

NGR:  HU 5455 8730

X:  454550  Y:  1187300  (OSGB36)

Summary

The Brough of Stoal is situated on a precipitous promontory which is under active erosion. Usually interpreted as the site of a broch with outworks, Raymond Lamb was not convinced that the complex of stone structures that he observed in the remaining fragment of the interior necessarily included a broch (1980, 84), thus identifying it as the remains of a promontory fort with a spectacular belt of defences barring access across the neck on the NNW. Some 25m in depth, the belt comprises at least three ramparts and ditches, while Lamb also noted on the cliff-edge on the ENE the possible remains of a low bank on the counterscarp of the shallow outer ditch (Lamb 1980. 48, fig 17). The ramparts are impressive, rising over 2m in height above the bottoms of the adjacent ditches, and the middle rampart to as much as 3.7m in height, but they are not necessarily all contemporary and the third is clearly set at angle to the inner two, its line splaying towards the NE. The entrance does not survive, and presumably approached across the neck on the NNW along either the ENE or WSW margin. Within the interior, which has been reduced to an area measuring no more than 32m in length from NNW to SSE by 15m transversely (0.04ha), there is a mound of grass-grown rubble, but whether this is includes the remains of a broch or is some other structure can only be demonstrated by excavation.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -112070  Y:  8526762  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.0067427590745976  Latitude:  60.565639068829256  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Shetland Islands

Historic County:  Shetland

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Yell

Monument Condition

Active marine erosion

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  20.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Active marine erosion

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 2014

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1878):   Annotated Brough on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Shetland 1882, sheet 16)
Other (1931):   Description (RCAHMS 1946, iii, 161-2, no.1717)
Other (1934):   Scheduled
Other (1969):   Visited by the OS
Other (1970):   Plan and description by Raymond Lamb (1980, 48 fig 17, 84)
Other (2012):   Re-Scheduled

Interior Features

Stone structures, usually thought to include a broch, though Raymond Lamb was of the opinion that these were not the remains of a broch (1980, 84)

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Complex of stone structures or possible broch

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Mess of rubble

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Must have approached across the neck from the NNW

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Must have approached across the neck from the NNW

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

At least three ramparts and ditches cutting off a precipitous promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.04ha.
Total:   0.04ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   Divergent lines of the ramparts suggests they may represent several periods of construction

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Also a possible additional fragment of a counterscarp rampart

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

Lamb, R G (1980) Iron Age promontory forts in the Northern Isles. Brit Archaeol Rep, British Ser 79. BAR: Oxford

RCAHMS (1946) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Twelfth report with an inventory of the ancient monuments of Orkney and Shetland, 3v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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