Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

WA1682 Caer Bach, Caernarfonshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Gwynedd 563 (None)

NMR:  SH 77 SW 16 (94907)

SM:  CN125

NGR:  SH 7443 7297

X:  274430  Y:  372970  (OSGB36)

Summary

Isolated rocky partial contour hillfort located high on a hillock above the Afon Conwy valley at 410m O.D. on the mid slopes of Tal y Fan. Moderate to strong surrounding slopes. Two lines of encircling defence, outer circuit encloses oval area, c. 78m E-W by 66m, with area 0.5ha, inner circuit wall enclosing oval area, c. 50m E-W by 42m with area 0.21ha. Outer being a bank of earth with an external ditch, which reaches a maximum height of 3m+. Stone revetment of laid masonry can be traced on the NW outer face, and a slight counterscarp bank on S. E side merges into the natural slope. Inner circuit heavily robbed stone wall c. 4m-5m wide. Simple gap through both ramparts on the SE but badly damaged. Hut circle can be traced against the inner face of the NW side of the inner enclosure. Rough upland moorland, gorse, scrub and bare rock. Minimal investigations, undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -432258  Y:  7027302  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.8830413759503175  Latitude:  53.23885324212394  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Wales

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Conwy

Historic County:  Caernarfonshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Henryd

Monument Condition

Well-preserved generally, but entrances through both ramparts badly damaged.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Rough upland moorland, gorse, scrub and bare rock.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Isolated rocky partial contour hillfort located high above the Afon Conwy valley on the mid slopes of Tal y Fan (610m O.D). Moderate to strong surrounding slopes.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Rocky hillock

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✓
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  410.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

RCAHMW investigation 1951. GAT investigations 1988, 19995. RCAHMW upland survey 2004. GAT prehistoric defended enclosures survey 2004-2005.

Investigations:
Other (1951):   RCAHMW investigation.
Other (1992):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
Other (2004):   RCAHMW unpland survey.
Other (None):   GAT investigations.
Other (None):   GAT prehistoric defended enclosures survey.

Interior Features

Hut circle can be traced against the inner face of the NW side of the inner enclosure.

Water Source

Pond 0.1km outside fort.

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Hut circle can be traced against the inner face of the NW side of the inner enclosure.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✓
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Simple gap through both ramparts on the SE, but badly damaged

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   None

Enclosing Works

Outer being a bank of earth with an external ditch, which reaches a maximum height of 3m+. Stone revetment of laid masonry can be traced on the NW outer face, and a slight counterscarp bank on S. E side merges into the natural slope. Inner circuit heavily robbed stone wall c. 4m-5m wide.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.21ha.
Area 2:   0.5ha.
Total:   0.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✓
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Outer rampart of earth with stone revetment of laid masonry. Inner stone wall. Slight counterscarp.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Ditch to outer rampart.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMW 1956. Caernarvonshire Vol I: East, A survey and inventory by the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire, No 452, London: HMSO.

Smith, G. , 2005 , A Survey of Prehistoric Defended Enclosures in North West Wales 2004-2005: West Conwy, Gwynedd (Arfon) and Anglesey, Bangor: Gwynedd Archaeological Trust.

Waddington, K. 2013. The Settlements of Northwest Wales: From the Late Bronze Age to the Early Medieval Period, Cardiff: University of Wales Press.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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