Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0001 Aconbury Camp, Herefordshire (Aconbury Beacon)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE413 (910)

NMR:  SO 53 SW 1 (110371)

SM:  1001754

NGR:  SO 503330

X:  350350  Y:  233050  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, wooded, univallate, partial contour hillfort located on Aconbury HIll, following the contours but sloping to the W, and on the interfluve above the Rivers Wye and Severn. Precipitous slopes to the W and N. Rampart surrounds camp, with a surviving main ditch to the S and E, elsewhere not visible, although it is possible that the steep slopes on the N and W precluded a ditch here. Internal area c. 7.1ha and footprint 9.3ha. The rampart rampart reaches up to 4.5m in the S where the ditch is up to 1.5m deep and is impressive on the W overlooking steep slopes. Possible internal revetments within ramparts. Berm on N and W. Internal quarry scoops, especially on the S and N side. Slight investigations 1948-51 found occupation similar to Sutton Walls hillfort (Atlas No 0031) and Dinedor Camp (Atlas No 0013), with pottery similar to the former site. Two original entrances and four modern gaps. Occupied during the Civil War in 1642 and 1645. Mixed woodland since 19th century with internal tracks. Bracken, bramble, sapling and coppice re-growth. Visitor erosion of paths where cross rampart, with horse and quad bikes. Some quarrying. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -303295  Y:  6798973  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.724548210189332  Latitude:  51.99362825518932  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Aconbury

Monument Condition

Main ditch gone on N and W sides. Visitor erosion of paths where cross rampart, with horse and quad bikes. Vegetation re-growth. Some quarrying.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Mixed woodland since 19th century with internal tracks. Bracken, bramble, sapling and coppice re-growth. Some quarrying.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Partial contour fort following the natural contours and which also appears to cut off a promontory, but sloping to the W. Located above the River Wye and Hereford to the E and the valley of the Worm Brook to the W, on the interfluve between the Rivers Wye and Severn catchments. Precipitous slopes to the W and N.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Hill top, part promontory.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✓
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  276.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

The finding of Iron Age and Roman pottery suggests late Iron Age to Roman period occupation. Sherds similar to Sutton Walls (Atlas No 0031).

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✓
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✓
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Pottery evidence.
Artefactual:   The finding of Iron Age and Roman pottery suggests late Iron Age to Roman period occupation.

Investigation History

In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). On 1st Ed. OS map (1888). Surface examination 1948-51 as part of wider investigations by Kenyon (1953) following Sutton Walls excavations. Herefordshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1888):   Ordnance Survey
Other (1951):   Surface collection of sherds by Kenyon
Other (2012):   Herefordshire Council survey.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.

Interior Features

Little information about interior was gleaned from the investigations, but Kenyon suggested that occupation of the site was similar to that found at Sutton Walls and Dinedor Camp. Internal quarry scoops, especially on the N and S sides

Water Source

Spring 0.3km located outside the hillfort

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Little information is available from surface evidence, but there are internal quarry scoops, especially on the N and S sides.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Quantity of Iron Age sherds similar to those found at Sutton Walls, with possible Roman sherds.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Two original entrances; the SE inturned. The SW is more complex, where the S rampart curves behind the W rampart, which itself extends S, so increasing the nature of the defences of what is possibly the principal entrance. There is a possible external ramp.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
6:   Two original and four modern gaps.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Two original inturned entrances at SE and SW corners. Probably modern entrances to S and N.

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. In-turned (South east):   A less complex, than that to the W, but, nevertheless, impressive inturned entrance.
2. In-turned (South west):   The SW is more complex, where the S rampart curves behind the W rampart, which itself extends S, so increasing the nature of the defences of what is possibly the principal entrance.
2. Other Forms (South west):   Complex nature of ramparts here.

Enclosing Works

Univallate hillfort with complete circuit, but the ditch is only visible on S and E sides, destroyed, or never built, elsewhere. The rampart reaches up to 4.5m high to S, where ditch to 1.5m, but only 0.5m in W.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   7.1ha.
Total:   7.1ha.

Total Footprint Area:  9.3ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Univallate hillfort with complete circuit.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Single rampart continues around circuit.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Little surface evidence of features and the bank is possibly earthen. A berm exists to the N and W, created at the base of the rampart. Possible internal revetments were found within the ramparts.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✓
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Main ditch only present on the S and E sides, elsewhere destroyed or never constructed.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012. Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Kenyon, K.M. 1953. Excavations at Sutton Walls, Herefordshire 1948-51, Archaeol J, 110, 25-6.

Page, W. 1908. The Victoria County History of the County of Herefordshire, 1, 201-2, London: St Catherine Press.

RCHME 1930. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire, 1, SW, 13-14, London: HMSO.

Stanford, S. C. (ed.) 1976. Guide to Prehistoric and Roman Sites in Herefordshire. Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club Archaeological Research Section, 12-13.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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