Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0023 Mere Hill, Herefordshire (Mere Hill Wood)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE10563 (30297)

NMR:  None (None)

SM:  None

NGR:  SO 406655

X:  340650  Y:  265550  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate, possible level terrain fort, only recorded in 1999 and not on OS map. Area determined from dimensions. D-shaped and forming a near complete half circle abutting the steep slopes to the N, the site is 150m in diameter and located in a Forestry Commission plantation of Mere Wood. The single bank with ditch is up to 2m in height and width. Possible SW entrance. Three trenches opened in interior following geophysics and bank and ditch investigation (Ray and Hoverd 2000). This showed no sign of occupation and suggested that site was unfinished, no dating evidence. Possible gang working found at 17m intervals as result of topographical survey. Forestry Commission plantation cleared in 2011, the site now managed with scrub clearance once a year. Generally improving situation.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -319653  Y:  6851793  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.8714909008487344  Latitude:  52.28483766094059  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Aymestry

Monument Condition

Forestry Commission plantation cleared in 2011, the site now managed with scrub clearance once a year. Generally improving situation.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Sited within a Forestry Commission plantation with free public access. Now pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✓
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

The three hillforts of Mere Hill, Pyon Wood (Atlas No 0029) and Croft Ambrey (Atlas No 0012) are located in a line along the River Lugg. Mere Hill located at the edge of steep escarpment overlooking valley of River Lugg in vicinity of Pyon Wood and Croft Ambrey.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✓
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✓
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Cliff edge location.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  238.6m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Excavation and topographical survey by Herefordshire Archaeology (Ray and Hoverd 2000); all three trenches devoid of archaeology. Herefordshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
Excavation (2000):   Excavation by Herefordshire Archaeology.
Earthwork Survey (2000):   Recent topographical survey by Herefordshire Archaeology.
Other (2012):   Herefordshire Council survey.

Interior Features

No archaeology found in interior excavation. Excavation followed geophysical survey - no details.

Water Source

None recorded in the interior.

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

No archaeology found in interior excavation.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

Excavation followed geophysical survey - no details.

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Possible entrance on the SW. No detail recorded.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   No modern gaps.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Possible entrance on the SW side.

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South west):   No detail recorded. Simple gap default.

Enclosing Works

The single rampart is discontinuous to the W, but intact to the E. The precipitous slope to the N is definition enough, one ditch.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.9ha.
Total:   0.9ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Area determined from dimensions.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   N line defended by steep slopes with no defence.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Detailed survey of bank and ditch suggested enclosure possibly unfinished.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

Detailed investigation of bank and ditch suggested enclosure possibly unfinished.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✓
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✓

Other

Gang Working:
✓   Possible gang working found at 17m intervals as result of topographical survey.

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012. Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Ray, K. and Hoverd , T. 2000: Investigations at Mere Hill, Aymestrey, Herefordshire, Hereford: Archaeology Reports No 2.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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