Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0029 Pyon Wood, Herefordshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE10 (176)

NMR:  SO 46 NW 2 (108425)

SM:  1014541

NGR:  SO 423664

X:  342300  Y:  266400  (OSGB36)

Summary

Contour hillfort located on a prominent spur opposite and below Croft Ambrey (Atlas No 0012) on a significant bend of the River Lugg. Internal area 2.4ha. Double ramparts visible with medial ditch. Outer rampart smaller than inner and mostly not visible. Outer ditch and counterscarp impressive on W but damaged or gone on the SE. Replaced by berm on steep slope to the N. Inner bank of the inner rampart also destroyed. Interior steep with no sign of hut platforms, but possible sites in quarry scoops behind rampart. Only definite original entrance is at the NE corner with inturn and approached by a trackway with covering rampart on its N side. That to SW also likely to be original. Wooded and site generally in poor condition, especially through timber operations. Its location near Croft Ambrey may be significant. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map 1886.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -316977  Y:  6853215  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.847450994800558  Latitude:  52.292654703151186  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Aymestrey

Monument Condition

Timber operations have damaged the site and generally in poor condition, with loss of ramparts in part around the circuit.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Wooded with mixed oak, ash and beech.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Site roughly follows the contours. Located on a prominent spur below Croft Ambrey, above a very significant bend of the River Lugg.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur above the River Lugg

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  201.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map 1886. Herefordshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1886):   OS map.
Other (2012):   Herefordshire Council survey.

Interior Features

None other than possible quarry scoops.

Water Source

Spring located 0.25 km outside the hillfort.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Interior steep with no sign of hut platforms, but possible sites in quarry scoops behind rampart

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Original entrance on the NE corner, others problematical, but that on the SW corner may also be original. The NE entrance is inturned and approached by a trackway and with a covering rampart on its N side. Possible entrance on the NW corner, but may be modern access.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Possible entrance on the NW corner, but may be modern access.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Original entrance on the NE corner, others problematical, but that on the SW corner may also be original.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (North east):   Original inturned entrance.
2. Simple Gap (South west):   Simple gap entrance may be original.

Enclosing Works

Double ramparts visible with medial ditch. Outer ditch and counterscarp impressive on W but damaged or gone on the SE. Replaced by berm on steep slope to the N. Outer rampart smaller and mostly destroyed, as is the Inner bank of the inner rampart. The ramparts are variable around the circuit and above an assessment only.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.4ha.
Total:   2.4ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Problems of rampart destruction in area definition.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Outer rampart mostly destroyed, but there is a complete circuit.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Outer ditch and counterscarp impressive on W, but damaged or gone on SE.

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012. Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Page, W. ed. 1908. The Victoria County History of the County of Herefordshire, 1, 202, London: St Catherine Press.

RCHME 1931-34. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire, 3, (NW), 14-15, London: HMSO.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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